Quels sont les symptômes de la néphrite lupique? Voici un résumé simple:
Les femmes atteintes de SLE sont plus fréquentes, le rapport mâle/femme est1:13Mais chez les patients mâles et femelles, le taux d'atteinte rénale est le même, l'âge moyen de début de la maladie est27~29ans,85pourcentage des patients ont un âge55ans, le SLE est une maladie systémique, qui peut toucher plusieurs systèmes et organes, les symptômes cliniques sont divers, environ70% des patients présentent des symptômes cliniques de lésion rénale, combinés à l'examen immunofluorescence et à l'examen microscopique électronique du tissu de biopsie rénale, alors le SLE100% ont une atteinte rénale, souvent due à des infections, refroidissement, exposition au soleil, abus d'alcool, stress, fatigue excessive ou anxiété, etc., qui peuvent déclencher ou aggraver la maladie, ou peuvent également entraîner une récidive en raison d'une application incorrecte de corticostéroïdes, d'une réduction trop rapide de la dose ou d'un arrêt soudain du traitement, chaque récidive rend les organes touchés plus endommagés, et peut même entraîner une insuffisance fonctionnelle.
1symptômes généraux.la plupart des patients peuvent présenter des symptômes de faiblesse générale, perte de poids, amaigrissement,90% des patients ont de la fièvre, dont65pourcentage comme symptôme d'apparition initiale, la fièvre peut être intermittente, fièvre en flambée, fièvre persistante ou fièvre basse chronique,40% peuvent dépasser39degré, il faut noter si elles sont causées par une infection, en particulier chez les patients traités par de grandes doses de corticostéroïdes.
2et les lésions cutanées et muqueuses.Les lésions cutanées et muqueuses du lupus érythémateux disséminé (SLE) sont variées, avec une incidence de80% above,}50% of patients may have butterfly rash, which is a swelling erythema in the shape of a butterfly distributed on the bridge of the nose and the cheeks (without skin damage at the nasolabial grooves), which may have capillary dilation and scales. In severe cases of exudation, vesicles and scabs may appear. The rash usually does not leave scars after regression.20% to30% of patients may have discoid lupus erythematosus, mostly located on the skin exposed to the sun, presenting as annular, circular, or elliptical red raised plaques, which may be covered with scales and keratinous plugs. After the skin damage subsides, scars often remain. Butterfly rash and discoid rash are characteristic skin lesions of SLE, and sunlight or ultraviolet radiation may worsen them.35% to58% of SLE patients may have photosensitivity,50% to71% of patients may experience alopecia, which is one of the sensitive indicators of SLE activity, about50% of patients may have vascular skin lesions, caused by inflammation or spasm of small vessels and capillaries, including retiform purpura, vascular inflammatory skin damage, Raynaud's phenomenon, periungual erythema, urticarial skin damage, lupus pernio-like skin damage, and capillary dilation,7% to14% of patients may have mucosal erosion or painless ulcers.
3Joint and muscle lesions.About95% of patients may have joint pain and arthritis, commonly seen in small joints of the limbs,5% to10% of patients may have aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, mostly due to long-term, large-scale, irregular use of corticosteroids, half of whom have myalgia and myopathy, and even obvious symptoms of muscle weakness or muscle atrophy. Joint and muscle lesions are often related to the activity of the disease.
4Lung and pleural lesions.28% to50% of patients may have pleurisy, pleural effusion, the effusion is mostly yellow exudative fluid, mainly mononuclear cells, and needs to be differentiated from tuberculous pleurisy. It is believed that pleural effusion ANA ≥1:160, or pleural effusion/Serum titer ≥1Or SM antibody positive, which is helpful for the diagnosis of pleural effusion in SLE,2.7% to10.1% have acute lupus pneumonia, with a high mortality rate, mainly due to respiratory failure and pulmonary embolism. Acute lupus pneumonia has severe hypoxia symptoms, and X-ray shows diffuse punctate shadows in both lungs, more in the lower lung fields, with large changes in shadows and significant therapeutic effects with high-dose corticosteroids.
5Cardiovascular system manifestations.50% to55% of SLE patients may have cardiovascular lesions, including pericarditis, myocarditis, valvular lesions, arrhythmias, and hypertension.
6Blood system lesions.50% to75% of patients may have normochromic normocytic anemia, which may be autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and some are related to SLE inflammation, renal insufficiency, hemorrhage, dietary disorders, drug effects, and other factors,50% to60% of patients may have leukopenia, most often4.0×109/Lymphopenia (
7Gastrointestinal symptoms.25% to50% of patients may experience anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea,30% of patients may have liver enlargement and abnormal liver function, and a few have splenomegaly.
8Manifestations of the central nervous system.50% to60% may present with neuropsychiatric disorders, with complex and diverse clinical manifestations, including psychiatric abnormalities (such as depression, mania, intellectual defects, mental confusion, etc.), epilepsy, hemiplegia, migraine, chorea, peripheral neuritis, and retinopathy, most of which are related to the activity of lupus, with poor prognosis and being an important cause of death in SLE.
9、autres.}Ménstruations irrégulières, algies menstruelles, quantité de sang menstruel excessive ou insuffisante, certains patients peuvent présenter des ganglions lymphatiques sans douleur, une augmentation des parotides, une conjonctivite, etc.