Primero, los exámenes de imagenología
1For vertebral disintegration and mild spondylolisthesis, clinical diagnosis is difficult, and X-ray examination is required. The commonly used projection positions are frontal, lateral and oblique.
2Frontal view, vertebral arch disintegration is often not easy to show in the frontal view. If there is a significant isthmus defect, when the plane of the fissure is parallel to the X-ray, a low-density diagonal shadow can be seen under the annular shadow. If there is significant spondylolisthesis, the lower margin of the slipped vertebral body can be seen overlapping with the lower vertebral body, showing a crescent-shaped density thickening, the5The transverse process of the lumbar vertebra overlaps with the anterior edge of the vertebral body.
3Lateral view, the two sides of the vertebral arch isthmus are defective, and a diagonal bone shadow with reduced density can be seen between the posterior and inferior articular processes of the vertebral arch root, the posterior part is higher than the anterior part. If the defect is unilateral, it is not easy to see.
4If there is slippage, the vertebral body moves forward, but the degree is not the same, there are some vertebral bodies that move forward completely, and some move forward slightly, most of the spondylolisthesis is1/3To1/4Lateral, disc degeneration, vertebral space becomes narrow.
Two, measurement of spondylolisthesis method
1Lumbar vertebral body anterior inferior margin, if the1Sacral vertebral plane anterior margin, draw a vertical line, this line should pass through the5Lumbar vertebral body anterior inferior margin, if the5Sacral vertebral plane anterior margin, draw a vertical line, this line should pass through the
2Lumbar vertebral body anterior inferior margin, if the5Lumbar vertebral body forward spondylolisthesis, this line will pass through the vertebral body (Ullman line).5Lumbar vertebral body forward spondylolisthesis, can be from the4Lumbar vertebral body posterior superior and inferior margins, and the1Lumbar vertebral body posterior inferior margin to the2Sacral vertebral body posterior superior margin, if each line is connected to a straight line, then the two lines can intersect or be parallel, normally the angle of intersection of the two lines does not exceed4°, and at the3Lumbar vertebral body below the lower margin, if the two lines are parallel, the distance is not greater than4mm (Ullman line), when there is slippage, the intersection points are all at the
Lumbar vertebral body above the lower margin, according to the size of the angle of intersection of the two lines or the distance of the parallel lines, the spondylolisthesis can be divided into three degrees.Three,
1Lumbar spondylolisthesis degree method3mm moderate100mm severe4~10Lumbar spondylolisthesis degree of parallel distance slight11mm moderate2°~10~20°210mm severe21°
2mm above.1upper margin of the sacral vertebral body are divided into four equal parts, normally the5lumbar vertebral body and the1The posterior margin of the sacral vertebral body forms a continuous arc, and when there is slippage, the5The lumbar vertebral body moves forward, forward1/4ones are1°,2/4ones are2°,3/4ones are3°, the completely slipped ones are4°.
3Lateral film can distinguish between true and false spondylolisthesis. The former increases the anterior and posterior diameter of the vertebral column; the latter does not change, and it can be seen that the intervertebral space becomes narrower, the marginal bone of adjacent vertebral bodies becomes ossified, or there are marginal hyperplasia and other degenerative changes.
4Oblique film left and right45The oblique view is the best position to show the峡部. The normal vertebral arch appendage is like a hound, the dog's mouth represents the ipsilateral transverse process, the dog's eyes represent the vertebral arch root, the dog's ears are the superior articular process, the dog's neck is the isthmus, the dog's body is the vertebral plate, the front and rear dog's legs represent the ipsilateral and contralateral superior and inferior articular processes, and the dog's tail is the contralateral transverse process.
5If the峡部is not connected, a strip-like shadow with reduced density can be seen in the neck, resembling a hound wearing a collar, which is the bone non-union of the vertebral arch峡部. If there is dislocation, the superior articular process and transverse process follow the anterior movement of the vertebral body, like the neck of a dog's head.
6CT, MRI: Defect in the vertebral arch bone, intervertebral disc herniation, neural foramen, deformation of the vertebral canal, fracture of the vertebral arch, asymmetric spinous process偏向一侧, CT may show 'double tube' sign.