Ο στόχος της θεραπείας της παχέως χολής είναι η αφαίρεση των πέτρων, η απελευθέρωση του μπλοκαρισμού, η αποφυγή περαιτέρω καταστροφής του πνεύματος και η αποφυγή κακοήθειας, η ανακούφιση του πόνου.
1με την ενδοσκοπική αφαίρεση πέτρων
Αυτό το μέθοδο χρησιμοποιείται μόνο για πέτρες που δεν έχουν στένωση της πνευμονικής δίοδου. Αν δεν υπάρχει στένωση της πνευμονικής δίοδου, μπορεί να ανοίξει η σφιγκτήρα για την αφαίρεση των πέτρων, όταν οι πέτρες είναι μεγάλες, μπορεί να αφαιρεθούν μέσω της υπερηχογράφησης ή της ακτινοβολίας. Μετά την υπερηχογράφηση, οι πέτρες διασπαστούν σε μικρότερα κομμάτια και μπορεί να εκκενωθούν από μόνα τους. Αν υπάρχει στένωση της πνευμονικής δίοδου, ακόμα και αν οι πέτρες διασπαστούν και αφαιρεθούν, η μπλοκαριστική αιτία δεν έχει αποκατασταθεί, και στο μέλλον μπορεί να σχηματιστούν πέτρες.
2μερική αφαίρεση του πνεύματος
Ορισμός πολλαπλών πέτρων που περιορίζονται στον πνεύμονα και τον ουρά του πνεύματος της παχέως χολής, όπου η βλάβη του πνεύματος είναι σοβαρή. Όταν ο πνεύμονας και ο ουρά αφαιρούνται, η κοντινή πνευμονική δίοδος δεν έχει στένωση, δεν επηρεάζει την εκροή του πνευμονικού υγρού και μπορεί να ράψει τον αποκομμένο κόκκυγα.-Lateral Roux-Y-shaped anastomosis. Since most of the islet cells are located in the tail and body of the pancreas, removing too much of the body and tail of the pancreas in a pathologic pancreas will lead to severe deficiency of pancreatic endocrine function. Therefore, more of the body and tail of the pancreas should be preserved, and a pancreaticojejunostomy can be performed if there is stenosis at the proximal end.-Jejunum anastomosis.
3Pancreatic duct calculi combined with pancreatic cyst
On the one hand, remove the stones, and on the other hand, perform an internal drainage operation between the cyst and the intestine.
4Pancreatic parenchyma incision for stone removal
Applicable to patients with stones in the head and body of the pancreas, and multiple stenoses in the pancreatic duct. If there are no stenoses near the proximal end of solitary stones in the head and body of the pancreas, incise the fibrotic pancreatic tissue at the stone location to remove the stone, and properly suture the incised pancreatic duct and pancreas. However, this type of case is relatively rare. Generally, multiple stones in the pancreatic duct are accompanied by multiple stenoses and dilatations. To relieve obstruction, the pancreatic duct may be partially or nearly completely split, the stones removed, and the split pancreatic duct and jejunum performed a side anastomosis. Since most of the pancreas has fibrotic, there is not much bleeding when splitting the pancreatic duct.
5Whipple surgery
Applicable to patients with multiple stones in the head of the pancreas, pancreas head destruction, or malignancy. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is destructive and severely disrupts physiological function, so the indications should be strictly controlled. To reduce injury, if there are no signs of malignancy, a modified (retaining the duodenum) pancreatic head resection can be performed.
The treatment of pancreatic lithiasis has not yet formed a fixed surgical method, mainly because the size, location, degree of stenosis of the pancreatic duct, and the extent of fibrosis of the pancreatic tissue are not uniform, which makes the treatment somewhat difficult. The specific surgical method to be adopted should be considered from multiple aspects before implementation.
6Treatment of pancreatic calculi complicated with pancreatic cancer
If cancer is suspected during surgery, frozen section should be performed. After confirmation, the following treatments should be carried out:
If the tumor is localized within the capsule and is located at the head of the pancreas, perform a pancreatoduodenectomy. If the lesion is widespread in the pancreas and no peripheral metastasis has occurred, a total pancreatectomy can be performed. Substitution therapy is performed for insufficient endocrine and exocrine secretion after surgery.
When a tumor compresses the inferior end of the common bile duct and causes jaundice, perform a choledochojejunostomy. When the tumor cannot be removed or is not completely removed, intraoperative radiotherapy can be performed. Arterial catheter perfusion of chemotherapy drugs can also be used. In recent years, some people have tried extracorporeal hyperthermia therapy, which has certain efficacy.