Η diverticulosis του δωδεκαδάκτυλου δεν έχει συχνά κλινικά συμπτώματα, οπότε δεν είναι εύκολο να αναγνωριστεί εγκαίρως.Η νόσος αυτή βρίσκεται1710Το έτος Chimel αναφέρει τον1Παράδειγμα, η αιτία της εμφάνισης και η μηχανισμός της είναι ως εξής:.
1. Αιτίες εμφάνισης
Η ακριβής αιτία της δημιουργίας του diverticulum δεν είναι γνωστή, η πλειοψηφία των ατόμων πιστεύει ότι προέρχεται από την ανωμαλία της ανάπτυξης της περιορισμένης μυώματος της ενδοσφαινικής τοιχώματος ή την αδυναμία της, όταν υπάρχει αιφνίδιο υψηλή πίεση στο εντέρο ή μακροχρόνια συνεχής ή επαναλαμβανόμενη αύξηση της πίεσης, η αδύναμη περιοχή της τοιχώματος του εντέρου, η μεμβράνη του εντέρου και η υποδόρια οργανική οργάνωση αποσπάται και δημιουργείται το diverticulum. Υπάρχουν κυρίως τρεις τύποι:
1, Congenital diverticula
This type is rare and is a congenital developmental abnormality that exists at birth. The structure of the diverticular wall includes intestinal mucosa, submucosa, and muscular layer, which is completely the same as that of the normal intestinal wall, and is also known as a true diverticulum.
2, Primary diverticula
Due to congenital anatomical defects in part of the intestinal wall, the intestinal mucosa and submucosal tissue at this location are extruded outward to form diverticula due to increased intraluminal pressure. The muscular layer tissue of such diverticula is often absent or thin.
3, Secondary diverticula
This type is mostly caused by contraction of duodenal ulcer scars or adhesion from chronic cholecystitis, so they all occur in the1Part, also known as pseudodiverticulum.
Second, Pathogenesis
1, Common locations
Duodenal diverticula are more common as solitary cases, and multiple cases are rare. Primary diverticula are70% are located in the second part of the duodenum,20% of the diverticula are located in the3Part.,10% are located in the4Part. Secondary diverticula are more common in the second part of the duodenum.1Part. About85% of diverticula are located on the inner wall of the second part of the duodenum, most of which are near the papilla. Since the diverticulum is closely related to the blood vessels and common bile duct passing through the inner margin of the duodenum, it is believed that duodenal diverticula are caused by the gradual outward protrusion of the intestinal wall through this weakness. The diverticula are often located on the surface or behind the pancreas, even embedded in the pancreatic tissue. They can often cause obstruction, leading to cholangitis and pancreatitis and other complications.
2, Pathological changes
The size and shape of diverticula vary, depending on their anatomical location, the effect of intestinal pressure, and the duration of diverticulum formation. Generally, 0.5~10cm in size, with shapes that can be circular, elliptical, or tubular, etc. The size of the diverticular neck is related to the occurrence of symptoms. For those with wider neck openings, the contents of the diverticulum can be easily drained, and asymptomatic conditions can last for a long time; if the opening is narrow, or if inflammation causes the opening to narrow and the diverticulum to enlarge, then intestinal contents or food entering the diverticulum may remain, leading to food residue decomposition, bacterial infection, diverticulitis, intestinal calculi, and other complications.
3, Pathological typing
According to the direction of protrusion of the diverticulum and its relationship with the duodenal lumen, they can be divided into intraluminal and extraluminal diverticula. Clinically, extraluminal diverticula are common, while intraluminal diverticula are rare.
(1Intraluminal diverticula: The diverticular wall is composed of two layers of intestinal mucosa and a small amount of submucosal connective tissue in between, appearing as polypoid or sac-like and attached near the duodenal papilla. When touched externally, they feel like intestinal polyps within the lumen. In some cases, the duodenal papilla is located within the diverticulum. Therefore, they are prone to cause biliary, pancreatic diseases, and obstruction of the duodenal lumen, with concurrent gastric and duodenal ulcers. Such cases often accompany congenital malformations of other organs.
(2Extraluminal diverticula: Diverticula are mostly circular or lobulated, with necks that can be wide or narrow. They are usually single, about10Some patients may have more than two extraluminal diverticula or coexist with other digestive tract diverticula.70% are located on the inner side of the descending duodenum, closely related anatomically to the pancreas.30% στο επίπεδο του κοιλιακού ή του ανερχόμενου τμήματος.