Πρόληψη της βρογχίτιδας: Τρία επίπεδα πρόληψης: Πρώτο επίπεδο, στοχεύει στη πρόληψη της βρογχίτιδας μέσω της αφαίρεσης των κινδύνων παραγόντων; Δεύτερο επίπεδο, είναι η πρόωρη διάγνωση και θεραπεία χωρίς συμπτώματα, για την πρόληψη της εξέλιξης της νόσου; Τρίτο επίπεδο, είναι η ενεργής έλεγχος των συμπτωμάτων της βρογχίτιδας, για την πρόληψη της επιδείνωσης της νόσου και τη μείωση των επιπλοκών. Η πρόληψη της βρογχίτιδας των ηλικιωμένων ακολουθεί τα παραπάνω πρακτικά κριτήρια, και οι μεθόδους αποφυγής και παρεμβάσεων είναι οι εξής:
1asthma is a polygenic hereditary disease
its heritability70% to80%, therefore, heredity is an important risk factor, genetic counseling should be done when choosing a partner. If both parents are susceptible, the possibility of their children being susceptible is much greater than that of one parent being susceptible, so it is necessary to avoid choosing susceptible individuals as partners. Blood type is also somewhat related to the incidence of asthma. People with type A blood are prone to asthma and allergic rhinitis, while people with type O blood are much less likely to have these diseases than those with type A blood.
2control environmental triggering factors
mainly determine, control, and avoid contact with various allergens, occupational sensitizers, and other non-specific irritants. The most common food causing allergies is fish, shrimp and crab, eggs, milk, etc. Occupational sensitizers include toluene diisocyanate, zinc phthalocyanine, ethylenediamine, penicillin, protease, amylase, silk, animal dander or excrement, etc. In addition, there are also formaldehyde, formic acid, etc. In addition, some specific and non-specific inhaled substances can also induce asthma. The former includes dust mites, pollen, fungi, animal hair, etc.; non-specific inhaled substances include sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, chlorine, ammonia, etc. When the temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and (or) air ion change, asthma can be induced, so there are more cases in cold seasons or when the seasons change from autumn to winter.
3mental factors
Patients' emotional excitement, anxiety, anger, and other factors can promote asthma attacks, which is generally believed to be caused by the cerebral cortex and vagus nerve reflex or overbreathing. Therefore, psychological treatment should be given to the elderly to strengthen self-management, self-relaxation, and self-adjustment.
4avoid respiratory tract infection
The formation and exacerbation of asthma are related to repeated respiratory tract infections. Among asthma patients, there may be specific IgE against bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma, etc. If the corresponding antigen is inhaled, asthma can be induced. Viral infection can directly damage the respiratory epithelium, causing an increase in respiratory reactivity. Some scholars believe that interferon, IL-1increase the release of histamine from basophils. Therefore, in daily life, attention should be paid to keeping the indoor air fresh and circulating. Avoid going to public places during the susceptible period. Enhance your own resistance, add clothes in time, and wear a mask in cold seasons.
5asthma and drugs
Some drugs can trigger asthma attacks, such as propranolol, due to the blockade of β-adrenaline receptor can cause asthma.2.3％～20% of asthma patients develop asthma due to the use of aspirin and other medications, known as aspirin asthma. Patients, due to the presence of nasal polyps and low tolerance to aspirin, are also called aspirin triad. Patients may have cross-reactivity with other antipyretic and analgesic drugs and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The elderly need to take aspirin and β2receptor blocking drugs, in order to avoid asthma attacks, it is necessary to weigh the pros and cons and select the medication.
6smoking
Among elderly asthma patients, those with a history of smoking account for6Approximately 0%, most patients develop asthma after many years of smoking. It is precisely because of the long-term smoking that leads to high airway reactivity, the elderly should avoid smoking and quit smoking as soon as possible.
7、κοινότητα παρέμβασης
Ενθαρρύνει τους ασθενείς να αναπτύξουν σχέση συνεργασίας με τους υγειονομικούς επαγγελματίες, να αξιολογούν αντικειμενικά την έκταση της εκδήλωσης της άσθματος μέσω της τακτικής παρακολούθησης της πνευμονικής λειτουργίας, να αποφύγουν και να ελέγχουν τους παράγοντες που προκαλούν την άσθμα, να μειώσουν τις επαναλήψεις, να αναπτύξουν σχέδιο μακροχρόνιας διαχείρισης της άσθματος και να αναπτύξουν σχέδιο αντιμετώπισης κατά την έκρηξη, να παρακολουθούν τακτικά την υγεία.
