The main causes of most acute superior mesenteric artery infarction are vascular lesions and insufficient blood perfusion, followed by bacterial infection. The above causes can lead to acute ischemia of the superior mesenteric artery, thrombosis, or embolism. The specific pathogenic mechanism is as follows:
1Vascular diseases
The main causes are atherosclerosis, arterial embolism, or thrombosis. In addition, diseases such as polyarteritis nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, etc., also concurrently complicate with arteritis of small vessels. The lesions often involve the main trunk and branches of the superior mesenteric artery, and sometimes occur in small arteries, the most likely to occur at the opening of the abdominal aorta.2cm. The superior mesenteric artery arises obliquely from the abdominal aorta, so emboli in the systemic circulation are easily entered into this artery to form an embolism.
2Insufficient blood perfusion
When the lumen of atherosclerosis patients is narrowed, although the blood supply can still maintain the normal activity of the intestinal tract, the reserve capacity has been reduced. Any cause of blood pressure drop may lead to insufficient blood supply and infarction, especially in patients with diseases such as dissecting aneurysm, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc., it is more likely to occur.
3Bacteria and bacterial toxins
Under normal circumstances, the intestinal flora maintains a dynamic balance. When the intestinal ischemia occurs and the defense capacity of the intestinal wall is reduced, bacteria invade the intestinal wall, which can cause pseudomembranous colitis, postoperative colitis, acute necrotizing colitis, and acute hemorrhagic colitis, etc. Animal experiments show that if antibiotics are added after intestinal ischemia, the rate of shock in animals decreases.