1Control calories and maintain an ideal weight.
2Control the quality and quantity of fat intake. Many studies have shown that long-term consumption of large amounts of fat is a major factor in causing atherosclerosis in animals. It has also been proven that the quality of fat has a greater impact on blood lipids, saturated fatty acids can increase blood cholesterol levels, and polyunsaturated fatty acids can lower blood cholesterol levels. It is generally believed that the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids (p:s:m) in the diet should be1∶1∶1It should be controlled appropriately. The content of dietary cholesterol has a certain effect on the metabolism of lipids in the body, and should be controlled appropriately.
3Control the intake of sugar. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the body. Excessive intake of carbohydrates (in the dietary structure of the Chinese people, it is the amount of staple food) can cause excess calorie intake, which can be converted into fat in the body, causing obesity, and can also increase blood lipids. Studies have shown that fructose has a greater effect on increasing blood lipids than sucrose, and sucrose has a greater effect than starch. In countries like the United States and Canada, the amount of sugar consumed can account for a certain percentage of daily energy intake.15~20%, the incidence of coronary heart disease is much higher than that of other countries and regions. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the total intake of carbohydrates, especially the intake of sugar, which should not exceed a certain percentage of the total calories.10% is recommended.
4Increase the intake of dietary fiber appropriately. Dietary fiber can absorb cholesterol, prevent the absorption of cholesterol by the human body, and promote the excretion of bile acids from feces, reducing the formation of cholesterol in the body, so it can reduce blood cholesterol levels. Therefore, in the diet for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease, there should be sufficient dietary fiber.
5Provide a rich supply of vitamins. Vitamin C can promote the formation of bile acids from cholesterol, thus reducing blood cholesterol levels; it can also improve coronary circulation and protect the blood vessel wall. Niacin can dilate peripheral blood vessels, prevent thrombosis; it can also reduce the level of triglycerides in the blood. Vitamin E has antioxidant properties, can prevent the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, protect the myocardium, improve myocardial hypoxia, and prevent thrombosis.
6Ensure the supply of essential inorganic salts and trace elements. Iodine can inhibit the absorption of cholesterol by the intestines, reduce the deposition of cholesterol on the blood vessel wall, so it can slow down or prevent the development of atherosclerosis, and eating seaweed, purple seaweed, and other marine products rich in iodine can reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease. The content of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, copper, chromium, and other nutrients in the diet is also related to the incidence of coronary heart disease.
7Eat small and frequent meals, avoid overeating, and do not eat too heavily at dinner, otherwise it is easy to trigger acute myocardial infarction.
8Abstain from strong alcoholic beverages. Alcohol can increase heart rate and worsen myocardial hypoxia, so alcohol should be avoided.