One, X-ray film
1In the early stage of the disease, it is mostly negative, according to Lifeso et al.1985)Observation, believes that after the onset6Months, when the vertebral body bone50% involved, the routine X-ray film can be displayed.
2The early signs of X-ray film are reflected in most cases, with the expansion of paraspinal shadows first, followed by involvement of the anterior inferior edge of the vertebral body, narrowing of the intervertebral space, and osteoporosis of the vertebral body, expansion of paraspinal shadows, and dead bone. The diameter of the vertebral body bone destruction area
3In central-type vertebral tuberculosis, the intervertebral space is often not significantly changed, making it difficult to differentiate from vertebral tumors; while some slowly growing tumors such as thyroid metastatic carcinoma, chordoma, and malignant lymphoma can show varying degrees of intervertebral stenosis, making it very difficult to differentiate from ossifying vertebral tuberculosis.
4In most cases of vertebral tuberculosis, except for old or nearly cured patients, the expansion of paraspinal shadows is mostly bilateral. However, for spinal tumors such as giant cell tumors of the vertebral body, chordoma, malignant lymphoma, and renal cell carcinoma metastasis to the spine, unilateral or bilateral expansion of paraspinal shadows can be seen in the anteroposterior X-ray film, especially when limited to one side, attention should be paid to differentiation.
Two, CT examination
1It can be early discovered that the range of bone changes and abscesses, which is more valuable for sites that are difficult to obtain satisfactory images with routine X-ray films, such as the atlantoaxial joint, cervical-thoracic vertebrae, and irregular sacral vertebrae. Some scholars divide the CT images of spinal tuberculosis into four types: ① Fragment type: after vertebral body destruction, small fragments are left, and there are low-density soft tissue shadows around them, often with scattered small fragments; ② Osteolytic type: there is an osteolytic destructive area at the anterior edge or center of the vertebral body; ③ Subperiosteal type: there are irregular bone destructions at the anterior edge of the vertebral body, and circular or semicircular calcification images are often visible in the soft tissue around the vertebral body; ④ Localized bone destruction type: there is often a hardening zone around the destructive area (Jainr et al.1993)
2Spinal tuberculosis CT examination is most common in fragment type, while spinal tumors also often have similar characteristics, so it should be combined with clinical data for comprehensive analysis. For example, the presence of calcification foci or small bone fragments in the expanded paraspinal shadow is helpful for the diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis. However, even with this classification, CT sometimes cannot differentiate spinal tuberculosis from spinal tumors.
Three, MRI examination
It has the characteristics of high-resolution soft tissue, which is superior to CT in cranial and spinal cord examinations, and can be scanned and imaged in the sagittal, axial and coronal planes of the spine. The MRI manifestations of spinal tuberculosis show that the signal of the affected vertebral body, intervertebral disc, and appendages is higher than that of the normal vertebral body at the corresponding location, and lower than that of the low signal.
1Vertebral body lesions T1The weighted image shows low signal at the lesion site, or mixed with short T1Signal. Vertebral body lesions T2The weighted image shows signal enhancement. The image shows that in addition to the signal change of the affected vertebral body, the outline of vertebral body destruction, vertebral body collapse and sequential changes, and expanded paraspinal imaging can be seen.
2Paraspinal abscess spinal tuberculosis paraspinal abscess in T1The weighted image shows low signal, while T2The weighted image shows a higher signal. The coronal view can outline and delineate the contour and range of paraspinal abscess or bilateral psoas abscess.
3Η αλλαγή της αρθρώσης του σπονδύλου και του δίσκου της σπονδυλικής στήλης στη ακτινογραφία της σπονδυλικής στήλης είναι μια από τις πρώτες σημάδια. Η MRI της T1Η ανάλυση του βαρύτητας παρουσιάζει χαμηλή σημαία, T2Η ανάλυση του βαρύτητας έχει δια横切 fine slots, όταν υπάρχει φλεγμονή, το fine slots εξαφανίζεται, μπορεί να ανακαλύψει την αλλαγή της ινοϊritis στην αρχή.
Η MRI είναι πιο ευαίσθητη στη διάγνωση της early spinal tuberculosis από οποιαδήποτε άλλη ακτινογραφία, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των ECT.3~6μήνα, οι ασθενείς με υποψία για κυστική πνευμονία, η ακτινογραφία δεν έχει ανωμαλίες, η MRI μπορεί να δείξει τους επηρεασμένους σπονδύλους και τα μαλακά ιστούς γύρω από τον σπονδύλο (εμπύκλομα), T1Η ανάλυση του βαρύτητας είναι χαμηλή σημαία, T2Η ανάλυση του βαρύτητας είναι υψηλή σημαία. Η ακτινογραφία της early spinal tuberculosis MRI μπορεί να διαιρεθεί σε τρία τύπος. ① Η φλεγμονή του σπονδύλου; ② Η φλεγμονή του σπονδύλου και το εμπύκλομα; ③ Η φλεγμονή του σπονδύλου, το εμπύκλομα και η ινοϊritis του σπονδύλου. Υπάρχει αξία να σημειωθεί ότι οι σπονδύλοι που επηρεάζονται βρίσκονται στη φάση της φλεγμονής, χωρίς αλλαγές στις οργανικές και ελαστικές δομές της σπονδυλικής στήλης, δεν μπορούν να διακρίνουν από τον όγκο του σπονδύλου, είναι απαραίτητο να γίνει βιοψία για να επιβεβαιωθεί.