Πρώτο, η αιτία ανάπτυξης
Η αιτία της νόσου είναι άγνωστη, η ανάπτυξή της είναι αργή.
Δεύτερον, η μηχανισμός ανάπτυξης
Η καρκινοειδής νόσος του ήπατος έχει νευροενδοκρινικές ιδιότητες, ανήκει στους APUD όγκους, και μπορεί να εκκρίνει πολλαπλά πεπτίδια και βιοαμίνες, συμπεριλαμβανομένων5-Serotonin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), insulin, somatostatin, gastrin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), gonadotropin, prostaglandin, calcitonin, etc., among which gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) are the most common in liver carcinoids, and are the main material basis for the production of carcinoid syndrome in a few patients.
The histological origin of liver carcinoids is not yet clear, and it is generally believed that there are several possible causes:
1、Originating from ectopic pancreatic tissue.
2、Originating from scattered neuroectodermal cells in the foregut and embryonic remnants, or primitive pluripotent stem cells.
3、Originating from the primitive neuroendocrine plate.
4、Originating from the epithelial cells of metaplastic endocrine cells.
Liver carcinoids are often located in the right lobe of the liver, mostly one to two nodules, a few multiple nodules, diameter1~17cm, with a section showing pink-brown or gray-yellow, with irregular areas of hemorrhage in the tumor center, necrosis is rare, soft or firm, containing more cystic cavities, the tumor is clearly demarcated from the liver parenchyma, and the surrounding liver tissue usually does not have liver cirrhosis. The tumor is composed of uniform small polygonal or cuboidal cells, with clear cell boundaries, arranged in islet-like, acinar, strip-like, cord-like, or lattice-like structures, separated by fine soft fibrous matrix. Immunohistochemical examination shows strong positivity in silver staining, argentaffin staining, and chromaffin staining; epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), chromogranin A (CgA), neurospecific esterase (NSE) are mostly positive. Electron microscopy shows electron-dense granules in the cytoplasm, diameter100~200nm. Liver carcinoids often occur in the early stage of intrapulmonary metastasis or local lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis is rare.