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Spinous process fracture

  Spinous process fracture refers to the fracture caused by excessive hyperflexion of the cervical spine. Pure spinous process fractures are rare and often associated with vertebral body or other accessory fractures. With c6To T1The spinous process is common. Fractures are common in shovel workers and miners, also known as 'shovel worker' fractures. Under sudden flexion, the spinous process and muscles of the cervical spine experience opposing traction, causing avulsion fractures of the spinous process. Vertical compressive force can also cause longitudinal splitting fractures of the spine, causing the spinous process to split along the sagittal plane, but this is not common. Spinous process fractures mostly occur above the base of the spinous process. Fractures accompanied by tears in the intervertebral ligament and supraspinous ligament do not involve the vertebral canal or intervertebral foramen. Rarely accompanied by spinal cord and nerve root injury.

 

Table of contents

1. What are the causes of spinous process fractures
2. What complications can a spinous process fracture easily lead to
3. What are the typical symptoms of spinous process fractures
4. How to prevent spinous process fractures
5. What laboratory tests are needed for spinous process fractures
6. Dietary taboos for patients with spinous process fractures
7. Conventional methods of Western medicine for the treatment of spinous process fractures

1. What are the causes of spinous process fractures

  1The site of the spinous process fracture is mostly above the base of the spinous process. When the intervertebral ligament and supraspinous ligament are torn along with the fracture, the avulsion fracture is in a sequence with the spinous process of the lower vertebra, and it is separated from the lower spinous process. This injury does not involve the vertebral canal or intervertebral foramen, nor is it accompanied by nerve injury.

  2Due to excessive hyperflexion of the cervical spine. When the head and neck are struck by a heavy object, causing the cervical spine to suddenly flex, the spinous process and muscles below the point of force application experience strong opposing traction, resulting in avulsion fractures of the spinous process. When a shovel worker swings a shovel, sudden and excessive force causes the scapular muscles to contract intensely and the trapezius muscles to contract in an uncoordinated manner, leading to fractures of the spinous process. It can be a single or double cervical spine fracture.

 

2. What complications can a fractured spinous process easily lead to

  Local hematoma, swelling, marked tenderness with crepitus. One should be aware of complications such as fracture-dislocation of the cervical vertebral bodies or vertebral plate fractures, and there are three types of severe cervical vertebral body fractures:

  1Semi-dislocation of the cervical spine:Commonly seen. It can be caused by sudden braking of a car, where the passenger's head is subjected to inertia, causing a sudden forward tilt. This injury is often overlooked and can lead to paraplegia.

  2Fracture of cervical vertebral bodies:Mostly occurs in the neck5~7Vertebrae, caused by excessive hyperflexion. Often associated with dislocation and acute prolapse of intervertebral discs, leading to spinal cord injury.

  3、Cervical vertebral dislocation:Mostly caused by flexion-type injuries. After the superior margin of the next vertebral body is compressed, the displaced vertebral body moves forward, and one or both intervertebral joints may lock, and the spinal cord is often bruised or compressed. Therefore, when there is a history of such trauma, one should be vigilant about the possibility of vertebral body fracture in the cervical spine.

3. What are the typical symptoms of spinous process fractures

  Pain at the fracture site, local pain, swelling, and limited cervical motion. The movement of the spinous process can be felt, and subcutaneous ecchymosis can be seen. The site of spinous process fractures is often above the base of the spinous process. When the intervertebral ligament and the nuchal ligament are torn with the fracture, the avulsion fracture is in a sequence with the spinous process of the lower vertebral body, and it is separated from the lower spinous process.

4. How to prevent spinous process fractures

  Spinal cord type cervical spondylosis should be treated with surgery in the early stage, as delaying treatment without purpose can cause irreversible spinal cord injury. With the improvement of surgical techniques, the ability to avoid surgical risks is constantly increasing, and more and more patients with spinal cord type cervical spondylosis are undergoing surgical treatment. The direct resection of the compressive material in front of the spinal canal is the most effective treatment so far for chronic cervical spinal cord compression. The compressive material caused by degeneration, such as degenerated intervertebral discs, osteophytes, posterior longitudinal ligaments, and their adhesions, are the direct targets of surgical intervention and must be completely removed. Direct resection of the compressive material may improve and improve the blood supply to the spinal cord and may compensate for it.

 

5. What laboratory tests are needed for spinous process fractures

  At the time of diagnosis, in addition to relying on clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations are also needed. Spinal process fractures of this disease are common in three types: longitudinal rupture from the root or central thin part; transverse splitting into upper and lower halves; comminuted fracture.

6. Dietary taboos for patients with spinous process fractures

  一、Should

  1、Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits.

  2、Eat more vegetables rich in vitamin C, such as green peppers, tomatoes, amaranth, green vegetables, cabbage, and radishes, to promote the growth of bone calluses and the healing of wounds.

  3、Supplement trace elements such as zinc, iron, and manganese. Animal livers, seafood, soybeans, sunflower seeds, and mushrooms contain a lot of zinc; animal livers, eggs, legumes, green vegetables, and wheat flour contain a lot of iron; oatmeal, mustard greens, egg yolks, and cheese contain a lot of manganese.

  二、Avoid

  1、Avoid blindly supplementing calcium. For patients who are bedridden during the post-fracture period, blindly supplementing calcium is of no benefit and may even be harmful.

  2、Avoid eating too much meat and bones. Some people believe that eating more meat and bones after a fracture can promote early healing. However, this is not the case. Modern medicine has proven through multiple practices that eating more meat and bones after a fracture cannot promote early healing but may actually delay the healing time of the fracture.

  3、Avoid eating yams, taros, glutinous rice and other foods that are easy to cause bloating or indigestion.

  4、Avoid drinking little water and staying in bed for patients with fractures, especially those with spinal, pelvic and lower limb fractures, as their mobility is very limited. Therefore, they should try to drink less water to reduce the frequency of urination. Although this may reduce the frequency of urination, it also brings about greater trouble. If bedridden patients have less activity, the intestinal peristalsis is weakened, and in addition to the reduced water intake, it is easy to cause constipation. Long-term bed rest can also lead to urinary retention and increase the risk of urinary tract stones and urinary system infections. Therefore, bedridden fracture patients should drink water as needed without hesitation.

  5Evitare di consumare troppa zucchero Dopo un'elevata assunzione di zucchero, si verifica una rapida metabolizzazione del glucosio, producendo così sostanze intermedie del metabolismo come l'acetone, il lattato ecc., portando l'organismo a uno stato di acidosi tossica. In questo momento, gli ioni alcalini come il calcio, il magnesio e il sodio vengono immediatamente attivati per partecipare all'azione di neutralizzazione per prevenire l'acidificazione del sangue. Tuttavia, la grande assunzione di calcio non è vantaggiosa per la guarigione dei pazienti con fratture. Inoltre, un consumo eccessivo di zucchero può anche influenzare il contenuto di vitamina B1è diminuita, questo è dovuto alla diminuzione della vitamina B1è una sostanza necessaria per la trasformazione dell'energia dello zucchero nel corpo. La vitamina B1un'insufficiente riduce significativamente la capacità di attività dei nervi e dei muscoli, influisce anche sulla riparazione delle funzioni. Pertanto, i pazienti con fratture dovrebbero evitare di consumare troppa zucchero.

  6Evitare di assumere il Pien Tien San durante la prima settimana di frattura, poiché si verifica un ematoma locale, il sangue si accumula e si verifica gonfiore e dolore. In questo caso, l'assunzione del Pien Tien San può restringere i vasi sanguigni locali, abbreviare il tempo di coagulazione, aumentare l'enzima della coagulazione, è molto appropriato. Ma una settimana dopo la correzione della frattura, l'emorragia si è fermata, i tessuti danneggiati hanno iniziato a ripararsi e la riparazione richiede una grande quantità di sangue. Se si continua a assumere il Pien Tien San, i vasi sanguigni locali rimarranno in uno stato di contrazione, il flusso del sangue non sarà fluido, il che non è benefico per la guarigione della frattura.

  7Evitare di bere succo di frutta dopo la frattura.

7. Metodi di trattamento convenzionali della frattura spinale in medicina occidentale

  1Per i casi di fratture spostate, utilizzare la cintura di trazione occipitale e mandibolare, posizionare la colonna cervicale leggermente estesa, l'obiettivo della trazione è rilassare i muscoli del collo e far tornare la frattura alla sua posizione originale, quindi, la forza di trazione dovrebbe essere2~3kg tra loro. Dopo la riabilitazione, può essere fissato con un collare cervicale; nel caso di fratture non spostate, può essere applicato direttamente il collare mandibolare.2~3mesi fino alla guarigione delle fratture.

  2La comparsa di disfunzione motoria degli arti inferiori nel morbo di spondilite cervicale脊髓型 è spesso anticipata rispetto agli arti superiori, manifestandosi principalmente con debolezza leggera delle gambe durante la deambulazione, formicolio degli arti inferiori, formicolio delle dita, disfunzione delle azioni delicate (come la scrittura con la penna, l'uso delle posate ecc.), dolore e rigidità al collo e alle spalle. Con l'evoluzione della malattia e l'aggravamento dei sintomi, si verificano instabilità nella deambulazione, sensazione di camminare su panno di lana, difficoltà nel mantenimento degli oggetti, formicolio grave degli arti, grave riduzione della capacità di coordinazione degli arti e sensazione di fascia a cintura nella regione toracica e addominale. Questo è principalmente dovuto alla compressione del midollo spinale da parte delle protuberanze ossee alla margine posteriore delle vertebre e del tessuto discale sporgente, con coinvolgimento della fascia spinale e la sua degenerazione.

 

Raccomandare: L'ernia del disco cervicale acuta , Lesioni da arma da fuoco al midollo spinale , Spina bifida e deformità correlate , Lesione del legamento sovraospinale , Lesioni spinali , Iperplasia ossea della colonna vertebrale

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