Drug-induced asthma

　　So far, hundreds of drugs that may trigger asthma attacks have been found, which can be roughly divided into the following several major categories:

　　1、Antipyretic and analgesic drugs

　　Mainly including aspirin and various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are drugs with significant antipyretic and analgesic effects, including some compound preparations. Mainly including aspirin, compound aspirin (APC), painkillers (Solpium), antipyretic, aminophen, anisodamine, paracetamol, cold medicine, compound theophylline, compound antihistamine, antiviral5Number, Phenylbutazone, Kegan, Rapid cold capsules, Indomethacin, Ibuprofen (Fenbid), Naproxen, Ketoprofen, Flurbiprofen, Piroxicam, Mefenamic acid, Chlormefenicol, Diclofenac, Sulindac, Enclomiphene, Naproxen, Phenylbutazone, Ketobutazone.

　　2、Antibiotics

　　Penicillin, Ampicillin, Cefalexin, Cefalothin, Erythromycin, Polymyxin B, Streptomycin, Vancomycin, Bleomycin, Neomycin, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Griseofulvin, Spiramycin, Gentamicin, Lincomycin, Curamycin, Amphoterin, Pingyangmycin, Datura mycin, Pipemidic acid, Sulfonamides, Furan derivatives. Patients may have a history of allergies to many kinds of drugs. Asthma may occur during the use of medication. Some patients may develop asthma during the allergy test, and asthma may be accompanied by other allergic disease symptoms such as rash, laryngeal edema, shock, etc.

　　3、β-Receptor blockers

　　Propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, metoprolol, atenolol, and metoprolol, it is noteworthy that according to reports, even people without previous cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases can develop asthma when taking a large dose of propranolol, in addition, for susceptible patients, even using 0.5% timolol eye drops can also induce severe bronchospasm.

　　4Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

　　Captopril, enalapril, benazepril, perindopril, ramipril, lisinopril and spirapril, these drugs can inhibit the degradation of bradykinin, thereby inducing high airway reactivity.

　　5Iodinated contrast agents

　　Such as iodinated oil, ethyl iodide oil, iodophenyl ester, iodoacetic acid, iohexol, Isovue, diatrizoate, the incidence is less than2% injection of 0.5-10.0 ml of iodinated contrast agent can cause a severe asthma attack, even death, any iodinated contrast agent can induce asthma, but the contrast agent containing methylglucamine has the highest incidence of asthma

　　6Anesthetics and muscle relaxants

　　Procaine, lidocaine, cocaine, thiopental, pancuronium bromide, tubocurarine chloride, succinylcholine, the mechanism by which these drugs induce asthma is still unclear.

　　7Protein and enzyme preparations

　　Insulin, ACTH, cytochrome C, pituitary posterior lobe powder and extracts, streptokinase, trypsin, alpha-Chymotrypsin, antipainase, various vaccines and antitoxin sera, oral pollen preparations, nandrolone phenylpropionate, gamma globulin, adenosine triphosphate.

　　8Cholinergic agents

　　Acetylcholine, acetylmethylcholine, pilocarpine, succinylcholine, antergan, neostigmine, galantamine, pilocarpine.

　　9Antihypertensive drugs

　　Reserpine, methyldopa, guanethidine.

　　10Antidysrhythmic drugs

　　Quinidine, procainamide, digitalis, amiodarone.

　　11Sympathomimetic drugs

　　Isoprenaline (asthmotol), adrenaline, ephedrine, which are more related to large doses of medication.

　　12Anthelmintics

　　Driveling, praziquantel, pentamidine, dipterex.

　　13Antituberculosis drugs

　　Para-aminosalicylic acid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, ethionamide, rifampicin.

　　14Other

　　Certain vaccines, tetanus antitoxin, pyrazolone derivatives, viorbin, aminophylline, diphenhydramine, azathioprine, caffeine, morphine, sodium dehydrocholate, thiourea, codeine, warfarin, barbiturates, vitamin B6Vitamin K, camphor tincture, dextran, acetazolamide, cimetidine, mannitol, progesterone, anisodamine, atropine, histamine, antivertigo, amitriptyline, chlorpromazine, calcium gluconate, sodium cromoglicate, hydrocortisone (alcohol preparation), dexamethasone, beclomethasone propionate aerosol, and other drugs all have the potential to induce asthma attacks.

　　1Bronchitis and lung infections:It is currently recognized that respiratory virus infections can trigger and exacerbate the attacks of bronchial asthma and are prone to secondary bronchitis and lung infections. Therefore, patients should pay attention to improving their immune function, preventing colds, and keeping the respiratory tract unobstructed to reduce infections.

　　2Pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema:The incidence is relatively low, accounting for approximately5% are due to airway obstruction leading to overexpansion of alveoli or the formation of bullae. If the alveolar pressure is too high, such as during intense coughing or forceful expectoration, the alveoli may rupture, causing gas to enter the pleural cavity and subcutaneous tissue of the chest and abdomen, and mediastinum, causing pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema, which is life-threatening.

　　3Respiratory failure severe asthma:Due to inadequate ventilation, infection, improper treatment, inappropriate medication, and complications such as atelectasis and pulmonary edema, respiratory failure may occur, making the treatment of drug-induced asthma more difficult. It is necessary to treat the triggering factors early to prevent respiratory failure.

　　It often manifests as paroxysmal wheezing, cough, chest tightness, and dyspnea. There are hundreds of drugs that can cause asthma attacks, among which antipyretic and analgesic drugs, antibiotics, β-Receptor blockers, iodinated contrast agents, and protein preparations are more common. Drug-induced asthma is a special type of asthma, and once diagnosed, it can be effectively prevented. Therefore, the diagnosis of drug-induced asthma is particularly important in the prevention and treatment of asthma.

　　Since most patients with drug-induced asthma are not aware of which drugs can induce asthma, prevention is often difficult to start. Therefore, clinical doctors should pay attention to the following points in the prevention of drug-induced asthma:

　　1Any known asthma-inducing drugs should be discontinued immediately. At the same time, record the name of the asthma-inducing drug (including other trade names) on the first page of the medical record, to avoid repeated use of such drugs in the future.

　　2For every asthmatic patient who comes to the clinic, it is necessary to carefully inquire about any history of drug allergies or asthma induced by drugs.

　　3When new drugs are used for asthmatics, careful observation should be made for any adverse reactions.

　　4When symptoms do not improve or worsen during the treatment of asthma, in addition to considering various factors of the disease itself, one should always consider the possibility of drug-induced asthma. If suspected of drug-induced asthma, a trial of drug discontinuation should be observed.

　　5Before using iodinated contrast agents, an allergy test must be performed. For asthmatics with allergic constitution or a history of iodine allergy, it is best not to use iodinated contrast agents. If it is indeed necessary to use them, they should be used before medication (18to24hours) to give antihistamines and corticosteroids (such as prednisone5mg, every6hours1times, a total of three times).

　　Common laboratory tests

　　1Sputum smear:Visible characteristics of asthma include the presence of small airway casts and the broken products of eosinophils. To identify infection, look for broken products of eosinophils in sputum smears and Gram staining for bacteria.

　　2Skin sensitivity test:Carefully perform skin scratch or intradermal tests with suspected allergens to help determine the allergen.

　　3Determination of IgE and IgA in blood and respiratory tract secretions:IgE increases during allergic reactions, IgA increases or decreases during viral or bacterial infections.

　　4Airway sensitization test:To observe the reactivity of the airways to certain known allergens, use airway stimulation with these allergens.

　　The patients with drug-induced asthma generally have no special dietary requirements, but it is best to:1Με κυρίως ελαφριά γεύση, πλούσια σε θρεπτικά συστατικά, να δώσετε προσοχή στη διατροφική ρουτίνα.2Για να τρώτε με βάση τις συμβουλές του γιατρού

　　1Αντιστοιχής θεραπείας, όπως η αναπνοή του οξυγόνου, η άμεση απομάκρυνση της βλέννας, κ.λπ., για να διατηρηθεί η ελεύθερη αναπνοή των αναπνευστικών οδών.

　　2Ανάλογα με την κλινική κατάσταση, να δοθεί αντιυπερσυναισθησία φάρμακο, β2-Ανασταλτικός παράγοντας, αντιχολινεργικό φάρμακο ή στάγδασμα γλυκοκορτικοειδών, σε σοβαρές περιπτώσεις μπορεί να δοθεί ενδοδερμική ένεση αδρεναλίνης, σε σοβαρές περιπτώσεις μπορεί να δοθεί ενδοφλέβια ένεση μεγάλης δόσης γλυκοκορτικοειδών, αλλά πρέπει να δοθεί προσοχή στους ασθενείς με άσθμα που προκαλείται από γλυκοκορτικοειδή, πρέπει να χρησιμοποιηθούν άλλα αντι αλλεργικά φάρμακα.

　　3Για τους ασθενείς με άσθμα που προκαλείται από φαρμακευτικά φάρμακα όπως η Propranolol, πρέπει να δοθεί μεγάλη δόση β2-Ανασταλτικός παράγοντας

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　　5Η κυτταρική ανοσοθεραπεία, η BA κυτταρική ανοσοθεραπεία είναι μια θεραπεία που θεραπεύει και τις αιτίες και τα συμπτώματα, το Εργαστήριο Ασθματικής Νόσου του Κρατικού Νοσοκομείου Guojijing της Πεκίνου έχει χρησιμοποιήσει την BA κυτταρική ανοσοθεραπεία από την εφαρμογή, και έχει χαρακτηριστεί ως

　　Η BA κυτταρική ανοσοθεραπεία είναι κυρίως βασισμένη στο μηχανισμό της κυτταρικής και μοριακής ανοσολογίας, να εξάγει από το πλάσμα του αίματος τα μοναδικά κύτταρα του ανοσοποιητικού συστήματος του ασθενούς που χρησιμοποιούνται για την εξόντωση των ινοκυττάρων που προκαλούν υπερευαισθησία των αεροφόρων του άσθματος, τα DC και τα CIK κύτταρα, να μεγαλώσουν τον αριθμό τους και να αυξήσουν την ενεργητικότητά τους, να τα επαναφέρουν στον ασθενή, να επιτίθενται με ακρίβεια, συγκεκριμένα και ενεργά στις ινοκυτταρικές κύτταρα του ιού, να εξοντώσουν τα ινοκυτταρικά κύτταρα του ιού στο σώμα. Η BA κυτταρική ανοσοθεραπεία μπορεί να εξοντώσει τις ρίζες της ασθένειας του άσθματος και να εξοντώσει τις ήδη υπάρχουσες αντιδράσεις φλεγμονής και τη συσσώρευση των κυττάρων, είναι το πιο αναγνωρισμένο και ασφαλές νέο τρόπο θεραπείας στην ιατρική του άσθματος, που έχει επιτύχει την ακριβή και ρίζα θεραπεία, αυξάνοντας την ευημερία της κλινικής σχεδόν το διπλά.