Η οξεία βλοκада της εισόδου της πτέρυγας συχνά συμβαίνει μετά την επέμβαση24Σε λίγες ώρες συμβαίνει, αλλά μπορεί να εμφανιστεί και σε ημέρες ή χρόνια μετά την επέμβαση. Η βλοκада μπορεί να είναι μέρους ή πλήρους, διαλείπουσα ή μόνιμη. Στην περίπτωση της επέμβασης Billroth II, περίπου1% of the patients have obstruction at the site near the stomach and jejunum of the input loop, among which the anastomosis in front of the colon is more common than the anastomosis behind the colon. When the anastomosis is in front of the colon, due to the excessively long input loop, it gets caught behind the output loop when passing through the gap between the mesentery of the jejunal output loop and the mesentery of the transverse colon, causing a strangulating obstruction; if the gastrojejunal anastomosis or duodenojejunal flexure is in a crossing position, the input loop is behind and the output loop is in front, if the mesentery of the latter enters the looped intestinal tract, it causes a closed obstruction of the jejunal part of the input loop. In the case of posterior colonic anastomosis, the input loop can retract into the foramen of the transverse colon mesentery, causing obstruction.
Due to the blockage of the outflow of pancreatic juice and bile in the input loop, it leads to the accumulation of pancreatic juice and bile, causing the acute expansion of the input loop and severe upper abdominal pain, which radiates to the interscapular area, frequent vomiting but not much, vomiting does not contain bile, and the symptoms cannot be relieved after vomiting. There is obvious tenderness in the upper abdomen, and sometimes the expanded input loop can be palpated. Due to the excessive accumulation of fluid in the input loop, intestinal juice can reflux into the pancreatic duct, which is prone to acute pancreatitis, and the serum amylase level rises rapidly. In cases of complete obstruction, the expanded input loop can undergo necrosis and perforation, causing peritonitis and shock.
Chronic output loop obstruction often occurs several weeks after surgery, but there are also cases that occur the following year or even longer after surgery. This type often occurs after Billroth II surgery with angulation, especially in those with an anastomosis in front of the colon. It is caused by the protrusion of the input loop into the gap behind the gastrojejunal anastomosis, and there are also a few cases with adhesions and jejunal-Intestinal intussusception, etc. When bile and pancreatic juice accumulate in the input loop and cause it to dilate, it further stimulates intestinal peristalsis, causing the accumulated fluid to be excreted into the stomach, causing vomiting of fluid containing bile.