Primary small intestinal lymphoma

　　What are the causes of the onset of primary malignant lymphoma of the small intestine

　　In addition to its clinical manifestations, primary malignant lymphoma of the small intestine can also cause other diseases. Anemia, small intestinal perforation, intussusception, and intestinal obstruction are common complications of primary malignant lymphoma of the small intestine, and are also common reasons for patients to seek medical attention.

　　The course of primary malignant lymphoma of the small intestine is short, usually within half a year. The clinical manifestations are diverse, mainly manifested as three major symptoms: abdominal pain, abdominal mass, and abdominal distension.

　　1. Abdominal pain

　　Abdominal pain appears early. Most patients usually have intermittent pain, which often occurs after eating. As the condition progresses, abdominal pain becomes more severe. During an attack, nausea and vomiting may occur. Abdominal pain can present as ulcerative attacks when the duodenum and upper segment of the ileum are involved. Diffuse intestinal wall infiltration and progressive intestinal obstruction can lead to chronic spasmodic pain. Intussusception and perforation can cause acute abdominal pain. The location of abdominal pain is related to the position of the tumor, most of which are located in the middle abdomen, around the umbilicus, and in the lower abdomen.

　　2. Abdominal mass

　　More than half of the patients can feel an abdominal mass, which is mostly located around the umbilicus or in the lower right abdomen. At the time of consultation, the diameter of the mass is generally about 5cm, with varying textures, most of which can be moved, and a few have tenderness upon palpation. The mass is often caused by the tumor itself or regional mesenteric lymph node enlargement, and in some cases, it is formed by small intestinal perforation and surrounding mesenteric wrapping.

　　3. Abdominal distension

　　One-third of the cases have symptoms such as abdominal distension, diarrhea, or steatorrhea. Abdominal distension and diarrhea may be related to the extensive infiltration of the tumor and the obstruction of mesenteric lymph vessels, as well as the excessive proliferation of bacteria in the intestinal lumen.

　　4. Other

　　Some cases may also show symptoms such as fever, anemia, hypoproteinemia, and emaciation and fatigue.

　　When preventing primary malignant lymphoma of the small intestine, the following two points should be noted:

　　1. Strictly prevent viral invasion

　　Vaccination (such as hepatitis vaccine) and other methods can be used to establish a defense mechanism in the body, preventing the virus from gaining any opportunity to invade.

　　2, Strengthen the body's immune system

　　Eat well three meals a day, intake enough nutrients related to immunity, and prevent malnutrition. Take reasonable medication and try to avoid drugs that damage the immune system, such as antibiotics and corticosteroids.

　　The auxiliary examinations for primary malignant lymphoma of the small intestine mainly include the following:

　　1, Blood test

　　About 60％ of cases show small-sized hypochromic anemia. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate may increase, and serum albumin may decrease.

　　2, Fecal occult blood test

　　40％～50％ of cases may show positive occult blood in the stool test.

　　3, Barium meal X-ray examination

　　Barium meal X-ray examination, especially double-contrast barium meal examination of the small intestine, is the most important auxiliary examination. The diagnostic rate before surgery reaches 30％～70％.

　　4, Endoscopic examination

　　Malignant lymphoma often occurs in the distal ileum and can be examined by colonoscopy, and biopsy can be used to confirm. Endoscopy is also helpful for the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma in the upper segment of the jejunum.

　　5, Ultrasound and CT

　　Patients with abdominal masses can see nodular masses between the intestinal tubes. Ultrasound and CT can help understand their location, size, relationship with surrounding organs, and whether there is lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis, or ascites.

　　Patients with primary malignant lymphoma of the small intestine should eat foods rich in anticancer elements and foods rich in high calcium and high-quality protein. In addition, patients should also pay attention to avoiding spicy and刺激性 foods, such as pepper, chili, and ginger, and avoiding foods that are easy to cause bloating, such as sweet potatoes, onions, and taro.

　　Primary malignant lymphoma of the small intestine, in addition to the inherent harmfulness of the tumor itself, also develops serious abdominal complications. Therefore, in treatment, it is necessary to strive for the complete resection of the primary disease focus, and to resect the diseased small intestine along with the mesenteric lymph nodes. If the tumor diameter is >5cm and involves extraintestinal organs, combined organ resection of the diseased small intestine and adjacent organs should also be performed. For patients who cannot undergo radical resection, palliative surgery should be sought to resect the segment of intestinal obstruction and restore the patency of the intestine. For individual lesions that are difficult to resect, a short-circuit operation can be performed. Postoperative radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and other comprehensive treatment methods should be adopted.