Small intestinal lipoma

　　The etiology of small intestinal lipoma is not yet clear, mainly from the submucosal layer of the intestinal wall, generally will not grow very large, composed of mature fat tissue. Small intestinal lipoma is most common in the ileum. In China, the order of occurrence is ileum (50% to 60%), jejunum (23.8%), duodenum (13.2%); abroad, it is ileum, duodenum, and jejunum.

　　In addition to its clinical manifestations, small intestinal lipoma can also cause other diseases. Intussusception, intussusception, and intestinal wall perforation are common complications of small intestinal lipoma, and are also the main reasons for seeking medical attention.

　　Small intestinal lipoma generally has no obvious symptoms. Some patients may have no symptoms throughout their lives, and they are only found during abdominal surgery or autopsy. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic intestinal obstruction, abdominal mass, etc. 50% of patients seek medical attention due to intussusception.

　　When preventing small intestinal lipoma, attention should be paid to the following points:

　　1, Develop good living habits, quit smoking, and limit alcohol intake.

　　2, Do not eat too much salty and spicy food, and do not eat overheated, cold, expired, or deteriorated food. The elderly, the weak, or those with certain genetic diseases can eat some cancer-preventive foods and alkaline foods with high alkalinity as appropriate, and maintain a good mental state.

　　The auxiliary examinations for small intestinal lipoma mainly include the following:

　　1. Blood routine examination

　　When the tumor bleeds repeatedly, it can show small cell anemia.

　　2. Fecal examination

　　Occult blood test in feces can be positive.

　　3. Histopathological examination

　　Visually, the tumor appears bright yellow, round, encapsulated, convex to the mucosal surface, most within a few centimeters in diameter,呈息肉状, pedunculated or sessile. Microscopic examination shows that the tumor is composed of differentiated mature fat cells, with irregularly distributed connective tissue stroma inside.

　　4. Endoscopic examination

　　Endoscopy can see pedunculated or sessile submucosal elevated lesions, the surface of the lipoma is smooth or superficially ulcerated.

　　5. Ultrasound examination

　　Small intestinal lipoma can appear in three types of ultrasound images under B-ultrasound: intraluminal mass type, intramural type, and extraluminal mass type.

　　6. CT examination

　　CT examination can determine the location and size of the tumor.

　　7. MRI examination

　　The signal characteristics of selective mesenteric angiography are high signal for fat components in T1-weighted images, and also high signal in T2-weighted images. As the echo time extends, the signal intensity gradually decreases.

　　8. Selective mesenteric angiography

　　Selective mesenteric angiography is helpful to clarify the location and nature of the lesion, especially during the active bleeding period, where only 0.5ml of bleeding per minute is required to show a positive result.

　　In terms of diet for patients with small intestinal lipoma, it is necessary to avoid smoking and drinking, spicy, greasy, and acidic foods. It is not allowed to eat beef, mutton, dog meat, chili, chicken, fatty meat, fish, grapes, pumpkin, coffee, coriander, milk, yogurt, amaranth, honey, tea, scallion, garlic, white radish, cola, seafood, mung beans, soda, ice cream, and other foods.

　　Patients diagnosed with small intestinal lipoma should undergo surgical treatment. Small lipomas can be removed by excision or wedge resection; larger, multiple ones, or those with intussusception affecting the blood supply of the intestinal tract should undergo intestinal resection and anastomosis.