почечная эмбриональная опухоль

　　Renal embryonal tumor is a malignant mixed tumor composed of epithelium and stroma, often a large solid tumor, with a capsule outside and containing various tissues such as glands, nerves, muscles, light bone, fat, etc. The tumor grows very fast, highly malignant, and can metastasize to distant sites early, with metastatic pathways similar to renal cell carcinoma, often metastasizing to lung, liver, bones, etc. The tumor composition is diverse, in addition to the reticulate arrangement of embryonic cell nests and the formation of immature glomerular or tubular structures, loose mucinous tissue can be seen in the stroma, and sometimes striated muscle, cartilage, bone, or fat tissue can also be seen. The occurrence of renal embryonal tumor is related to11p13of WT-1loss of or mutation of genes related.

　　Renal embryonal tumor can be metastasized hematogenously to lung, liver, bone, brain, etc. There is12% to15% of children may have congenital malformations, such as congenital iris choroidal defect, duplicated kidney, horseshoe kidney, polycystic kidney, ectopic kidney, visceral hypertrophy, umbilical hernia, macroglossia, hemihypertrophy, etc. The clinical manifestations of adult renal embryonal tumor are similar to those of renal cell carcinoma patients, and may be accompanied by asymptomatic hematuria, lumbar pain, abdominal mass, and other manifestations.

　　Renal embryonal tumor is often asymptomatic, and a mass is usually found during the routine physical examination by family members and doctors. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, fever, hematuria, etc., and common signs include abdominal mass, about25% to60% of patients have hypertension, which may be related to increased renin levels, tumor staging: NWTS staging is mainly based on surgical treatment and pathological findings, and currently the most widely used is NWTS3The staging method, the tumor staging is:

　　Stage Ⅰ: The tumor is confined to the kidney and can be completely resected; there is no ulceration before or during surgery, and there is no tumor residue at the resection margin.

　　Stage Ⅱ: The tumor has spread outside the kidney and can be completely resected; there is limited spread, such as the tumor has penetrated the renal capsule to the surrounding soft tissue; there are tumor emboli in the extrarenal blood vessels or the blood vessels have been infiltrated by the tumor; a biopsy has been performed, or tumor escape has been found during surgery, but it is limited to the lumbar region, and there is no obvious tumor residue at the resection margin.

　　Stage Ⅲ: There is non-hematogenous tumor residue in the abdomen, and tumor metastasis is found in the renal hilum or para-aortic lymph nodes by histological examination; there is extensive tumor infiltration in the peritoneal cavity; there is tumor implantation in the peritoneum, and there is tumor residue at the resection margin observed grossly or under the microscope; due to infiltration of surrounding important tissues, the tumor could not be completely resected.

　　Stage Ⅳ: There are hematogenous metastases, such as lung, liver, bone, brain, etc.

　　The etiology of renal embryonal tumor is unknown, and there is no special prevention. Under the combined application of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the long-term survival rate of renal embryonal tumor has been significantly improved. For early-stage patients, the five-year survival rate is9More than 0%. However, the five-year survival rate for children with simple surgery or late-stage disease is not ideal. For patients who have not复发in five years after treatment, the chance of recurrence in the future is greatly reduced.

　　Питание при раке почки: полезно есть продукты, которые могут сопротивляться раку почки, такие как черепаха, черепаха, морская лошадь, морской червь, королевская кобра, масло китового уса, морская звезда, морской огурец, костный мозг свиньи и быка, бамия, инжир, горькая трава, огурец, папайя, Job's tears, шелковица, хвоя.

　　Питание при раке почки: полезно есть продукты, которые укрепляют здоровье и повышают иммунитет, такие как сардины, креветки, хек, угорь, морская капуста, устрицы, печень свиньи, почки свиньи,芡实,莲子, грецкий орех, яблоко, киви, фазелий, красная фасоль, пуповина новорожденного, мед, sesame seeds.

　　Питание при раке почки: полезно есть жаб, амла, Job's tears, кориандр, костный мозг свиньи и быка, фазелий, грецкий орех, почки свиньи, улитка, морская звезда, морская змея, морская капуста.

　　Рак почки также, как и рак почки, после диагностирования, необходимо как можно скорее провести операцию по удалению почки. Перед операцией на过大肿瘤可以先进行放疗，以缩小肿瘤体积，有利于手术，可以减少出血和降低手术难度。После заживления раны можно продолжить лучевую терапию, что可以提高治愈率。Химиотерапия может использовать актинomicин D,15～25мкг/килограммов/дней, непрерывно5дней, внутривенное введение, затем каждые3месяц повторяется, всего7раз. Или винбластин40～60 мкг/килограммов/дней, внутривенное введение, общая доза составляет100～300 мкг/килограммов.

　　Под влиянием сочетания операций, лучевой и химиотерапии, пятилетняя выживаемость при раке почки значительно повысилась. Если пациент находится на ранней стадии, пятилетняя выживаемость составляет9Более 0％. Но для пациентов с простыми операциями или запущенными случаями, пятилетняя выживаемость не очень хороша. Вероятность рецидива大大减少 для пациентов, у которых не было рецидивов в течение пяти лет после лечения.