Tumore embrionale renale

　　Renal embryonal tumor is a malignant mixed tumor composed of epithelium and stroma, usually a large solid tumor, with a capsule outside, containing various tissues such as glands, nerves, muscles, light bone, fat, etc. The tumor grows very fast, highly malignant, and distant metastasis can occur early, with the same metastatic pathways as renal cell carcinoma, often metastasizing to lung, liver, bones, etc. The tumor composition is diverse, in addition to the reticulated arrangement of embryonic basal cells and the formation of幼稚的 renal glomerulus or renal tubule structures, loose mucinous tissue can be seen in the stroma, and sometimes striated muscle, cartilage, bone, or fat tissue can also be seen. The occurrence of nephroblastoma is related to11p13of WT-1loss of or mutation of genes related.

　　Renal embryonal tumor can be metastasized hematogenously to lung, liver, bone, brain, etc. There is12%~15% of children may have congenital malformations, such as congenital iris choroid defect, duplicated kidney, horseshoe kidney, polycystic kidney, ectopic kidney, visceral hypertrophy, umbilical hernia, macroglossia, hemihypertrophy, etc. The clinical manifestations of adult renal embryonal tumor are similar to those of renal cell carcinoma patients, and may be accompanied by asymptomatic hematuria, lumbar pain, abdominal mass, and other manifestations.

　　Renal embryonal tumor is often asymptomatic mass, usually found by family members and doctors during routine physical examination, common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, fever, hematuria, etc., common signs include abdominal mass, about25%～60% of patients have hypertension, which may be related to increased renin levels, tumor staging: NWTS staging is mainly based on surgical treatment and pathological findings, and the most widely used is NWTS3Classification method, the tumor stage is:

　　Stage Ⅰ: The tumor is confined to the kidney and can be completely resected; there is no ulceration before or during surgery, and there is no residual tumor at the resection margin.

　　Stage Ⅱ: The tumor has spread outside the kidney and can be completely resected; there is limited spread, such as the tumor has penetrated the renal capsule to the surrounding soft tissue; there are tumor emboli in the extrarenal blood vessels or the blood vessels have been infiltrated by the tumor; a biopsy has been performed, or the tumor has been found during surgery, but it is limited to the lumbar region, and there is no obvious residual tumor at the resection margin.

　　Stage Ⅲ: There is residual non-hematogenous tumor in the abdomen, tumor metastasis is found in renal hilum or para-aortic lymph nodes by histological examination, and there is extensive tumor infiltration in the peritoneal cavity; tumor implantation is found in the peritoneum, macroscopic or microscopic observation shows residual tumor at the resection margin; due to infiltration around important tissues, the tumor cannot be completely resected.

　　Stage Ⅳ: There is hematogenous metastasis, such as lung, liver, bone, brain, etc.

　　The etiology of renal embryonal tumor is unknown, and there is no special prevention. Under the combined application of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the long-term survival rate of renal embryonal tumor has been significantly improved. For early patients, the five-year survival rate is9Over 0%. However, the five-year survival rate for children with simple surgery or late-stage disease is not ideal. For patients who do not relapse after five years of treatment, the chance of recurrence is greatly reduced.

　　Il cibo per il tumore embrionale renale dovrebbe mangiare più cibo che può combattere i tumori renali, come il tartaruga, il tartaro, il hippocampus, il vermicello di mare, il serpente reale, l'olio di elefante marino, il jellied eel, il海参, il midollo di maiale e vitello, il loto, la fico d'india, il cipolla, la zucca, il yimai, il baco, la mela, il limone, il cinese, il sesamo.

　　Il cibo per il tumore embrionale renale dovrebbe mangiare più cibo che rafforza la salute e migliora l'immunità, come il pesce spada, gamberi, pesce azzurro, anguilla, molluschi, ostriche, fegato di maiale e vitello, liquirizia, liquirizia, sesamo.

　　Il cibo per il dolore lombare del tumore embrionale renale dovrebbe mangiare rane, goji, yimai, yansui, midollo di maiale e vitello, faba di cacao, nocciola, reni di maiale e vitello, guscio di ostrica, scorpa, serpente marino, molluschi, zucchine, funghi, yimai, jiangsheng, frutta, cipolla, mela, kiwi, fagioli, zizyphus, reni di maiale e vitello, liquirizia, latticello, sesamo.

　　Il tumore embrionale renale è anche come il cancro renale, una volta diagnosticato, dovrebbe essere operato di emergenza per la nefrectomia renale. Per i tumori troppo grandi, la radioterapia può essere eseguita prima dell'intervento chirurgico per ridurre la dimensione del tumore, facilitando l'intervento chirurgico, riducendo il sanguinamento e riducendo la difficoltà dell'intervento chirurgico. Dopo la guarigione delle ferite post-operatorie, la radioterapia può essere ripresa, aumentando la probabilità di guarigione. La chemioterapia può utilizzare actinomicina D,15～25Microgrammi/Kg/Giorno, somministrato consecutivamente5Giorni, iniezione endovenosa, poi ogni3Mesi per ripetere, per un totale di7Volte. O vinblastina40～60 microgrammi/Kg/Giorno, somministrato per via endovenosa, con un dosaggio totale di100～300 microgrammi/Kg.

　　Sotto la combinazione di intervento chirurgico, radioterapia e chemioterapia, la sopravvivenza a lungo termine dei tumori embrionali renali è significativamente migliorata. Se il paziente è in una fase precoce, la sopravvivenza a cinque anni è9Oltre il 0％. Ma per i bambini con un intervento chirurgico semplice o una malattia in stadio avanzato, la sopravvivenza a cinque anni non è ideale. Dopo cinque anni di trattamento non recidivo, la probabilità di recidiva è notevolmente ridotta.