Νεφρικός Κύστης

　　There are mainly five causes of kidney cysts:

　　1. Factors of infection:Any infection in any part of the body can enter the kidneys through the blood, creating a favorable environment for the change of cyst genes, enhancing the activity of internal factors of the cyst, thereby promoting the formation and growth of the cyst; in addition, infection can also affect the cyst. If the cyst becomes infected, it will not only worsen the clinical symptoms but also further accelerate the growth rate of the cyst and worsen kidney function damage. Common infection factors include upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal tract infection, skin infection, trauma infection, and device infection, etc., which means that whether it is bacterial infection or viral infection, it can have a significant impact on the cyst.

　　2. Toxins:Toxins acting on the human body can cause damage to various cell tissues and organs, leading to diseases and even life-threatening conditions, and are also one of the main reasons for the occurrence of gene mutations and congenital malformations. Common toxins include pesticides, certain chemical agents, radiation, pollution, etc. It should be pointed out that some drugs also have nephrotoxicity, and improper use can easily cause kidney damage. These drugs include: kanamycin, gentamicin, sulfonamides, rifampicin, indomethacin, and other Western medicine, as well as strychnine and other traditional Chinese medicine.

　　3. Congenital malformations:Congenital malformations can lead to various diseases, for cystic kidney disease, the main causes can be medullary sponge kidney, dysplastic polycystic kidney disease, etc. Genes with congenital malformations generally do not have abnormalities, so they are different from genetic inheritance or mutations.

　　4. Μutations in the gene:For polycystic kidney disease, most of it is inherited through parental genes, and it is divided into autosomal dominant inheritance and autosomal recessive inheritance, but there are also some patients with polycystic kidney disease who are neither inherited from their parents nor belong to congenital malformative polycystic kidney disease, but are genetic mutations during embryonic formation. During the process of embryonic formation, due to the action of various factors, genes have mutated to form polycystic kidney disease. Although this situation is rare, it can still occur, so some patients with polycystic kidney disease may not have a family history of inheritance.

　　5.Hypertension can cause the cyst to enlarge:Hypertension is considered to be caused by compression of the renal parenchyma by the cyst, activating the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, causing systemic vasoconstriction and leading to refractory hypertension, making the glomeruli in a state of high perfusion, high pressure, and high filtration, causing a significant difference in the pressure inside and outside the cyst, which is more conducive to the accumulation of fluid and the enlargement of the cyst. Common renal cysts include simple renal cysts, para-renal cysts, and polycystic kidney disease, etc.

　　Diseases caused by renal cysts

　　Spontaneous infection is rare in simple renal cysts, and it is difficult to differentiate from pyelonephritis once it occurs. Sometimes bleeding can occur inside the cyst, causing severe pain when it occurs suddenly, and the bleeding can come from the cancer that occurs on the cyst wall. When the cyst is located at the lower pole of the kidney and is closely attached to the ureter, it can worsen hydronephrosis, and the pressure exerted by the urine on the pelvis can cause back pain. This obstruction can also lead to kidney infection.

　　The following symptoms are present in renal cysts:

　　There are a large number of bubbles in the urine that do not disappear for a long time, known as proteinuria. The amount is usually not much, and it will not exceed2milliliters.

　　There is visible hematuria, which presents as periodic attacks. During attacks, the lumbar pain intensifies, and symptoms can be exacerbated by trauma, intense exercise, and infection.

　　It is more common to have a mass in the abdomen, about80% of patients can feel the enlarged kidneys. Usually, the larger the kidneys, the worse the renal function.

　　Discomfort or pain in the lumbar and abdominal area. The pain is mostly hidden pain or dull pain, fixed on one side or both sides, radiating to the lower part and lumbar back.

　　The lesions of simple renal cysts can be on one side or both sides, each kidney can have one or a few cysts, and the diameter is usually in4centimeters below, with thin and transparent cyst walls, containing yellowish transparent fluid. Simple renal cysts usually do not present clinical symptoms and are often found incidentally during other urological imaging examinations (such as B-ultrasound, CT, etc.). They can also present with hematuria, mass, local pain, hypertension, and other clinical manifestations, but generally will not lead to renal function decline.

　　The main manifestation of polycystic kidney disease is the appearance of multiple cysts of different sizes in both kidneys, and the number and size of the cysts increase gradually with age, most of them reaching3Symptoms appear after the age of 0 when the cysts and kidneys grow to a larger size. Common symptoms include kidney enlargement, local hidden pain and discomfort, hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and ultimately, they can destroy the structure and function of the kidneys, leading to end-stage renal failure. In addition, patients with polycystic kidney disease are prone to urinary tract infections, kidney stones, even cystic carcinoma, and other complications, and can also be associated with polycystic liver and aneurysms, congenital malformations of heart valves, and other conditions, therefore, it is necessary to closely monitor the changes in the condition.

　　Kidney cysts are a common kidney disease with a very high incidence, which seriously endangers people's normal life and work. In order to avoid the harm of kidney cysts, we should strengthen the preventive measures for kidney cysts, and at the same time, we should have a reasonable diet to prevent the occurrence of the disease. So, what are the methods of preventing kidney cysts?

　　1Kidney cysts can be divided into many types. Generally, liver and kidney cysts are congenital, and there can also be solitary or multiple cysts. Sometimes liver and kidney cysts exist simultaneously, and generally speaking, liver and kidney cysts have little impact on human health.

　　2Patients with kidney cysts should strengthen their awareness of self-protection and can live and work normally in daily life. For larger liver and kidney cysts, it is necessary to avoid local trauma.

　　3There are many treatment methods for kidney cysts, and the efficacy varies. For liver and kidney cysts that do not form compression, treatment can be omitted, and there are no effective treatment measures.

　　4The occurrence of kidney cysts has a certain degree of harm. Generally, liver and kidney cysts develop slowly and do not become cancerous, with a good prognosis.

　　5For those with large liver and kidney cysts. If the organ itself or the surrounding organs can cause compression symptoms or inflammation, needle aspiration therapy or surgical decompression therapy can be used, and anti-inflammatory drugs should be used for inflammation.

　　6The diagnosis of kidney cysts is also very important. Diagnosing liver and kidney cysts through palm prints is very reliable, and it is generally not necessary to do more tests.

　　What kind of laboratory tests are needed for kidney cysts?

　　CT, magnetic resonance, and laparoscopic kidney cyst decortication decompression surgery, B-ultrasound guided cyst puncture, and injection of hardening agents (such as anhydrous alcohol), but this method has a high puncture risk, a high recurrence rate, and if the hardening agent enters the renal pelvis or ureter, the damage caused is extremely severe and difficult to repair. Simple kidney cysts can usually be diagnosed by B-ultrasound.

　　Patients with kidney cysts should avoid strenuous sports and abdominal trauma. When the kidneys are enlarged, they should also avoid wearing a tight belt to prevent the cyst from rupturing.

　　In terms of diet, it is also important to avoid salty foods, preserved foods, spicy and stimulating foods (including chili, alcohol, shrimp, crabs, etc.), and contaminated foods (including rotten and deteriorated, leftover meals and dishes, etc.). Those with renal insufficiency or uremia should also avoid eating beans and their products, limit high-protein foods from animals, and greasy foods.

　　Western medical treatment for kidney cysts

　　1: Surgical treatment

　　Kidney cysts can be divided into two types: non-hereditary and hereditary. Among them, simple kidney cysts are very common, and if the diameter of the cyst does not exceed4If the cystic diameter is cm, there will be no clinical symptoms, and it is usually not necessary to treat it, unless the diameter exceeds4If the cystic diameter is cm, it may cause secondary infections, upper urinary tract obstruction, and other complications, which require treatment. Laparoscopy is widely used in urology, and almost all diseases of the ureter, kidney, and adrenal glands can be treated with laparoscopy.

　　Οι ανατομικοί δείκτες της περικομβικής χειρουργικής είναι πολύ σαφείς, αλλά μπορεί να προκαλέσουν βλάβες στους γύρω οργανισμούς, και η διάρκεια της αποκατάστασης μετά την χειρουργική διαδικασία είναι επίσης αργή, πρέπει να αναγνωρίσετε τους οργανισμούς γύρω από τον κύστη του νεφρού κατά τη διάρκεια της χειρουργικής διαδικασίας, αν τραυματίσετε το οργανισμό του εντέρου, θα πρέπει να γίνει μετατροπή σε ανοιχτή χειρουργική, και θα πρέπει να γίνει η δεύτερη φάση της εντέρου κατά τη διάρκεια της ανάγκης. Ο δορός του πίσω του κοιλιακού δεν θα μολύνει τον κοιλιακό κόλπο, θα προκαλέσει μικρή βλάβη στους οργανισμούς του κοιλιακού κόλπου, δεν θα προκαλέσει προβλήματα κολλητικής, και η αποκατάσταση μετά την χειρουργική διαδικασία είναι επίσης γρήγορη, αλλά οι ανατομικοί δείκτες του είναι μη σαφείς, είναι δύσκολο να βρεθεί ο κύστης του νεφρού, και ο οπτικός χώρος είναι μικρός, απαιτείται η χρήση της αερόβαλβίδας ή του υδροβάλβιδα για τη δημιουργία διαστήματος.

　　Στη διάρκεια της χειρουργικής διαδικασίας, ο χειρουργός πρέπει να κατανοήσει καλά την ανατομία του απευθείας κοιλιακού κόλπου και τις σχέσεις, να αναγνωρίσει πλήρως την κοιλιακή μεμβράνα, τον κάτω πόλο του νεφρού, την κοιλιακή μυϊκή διεύθυνση πριν από την απόσπαση του περιβληματικού λίπους, να δει την κύστη του νεφρού, η οποία είναι ο ανατομικός δείκτης, και να χρησιμοποιήσει την πλάσμη μαχαίρι ή το υπερηχογραφικό μαχαίρι κατά τη διάρκεια της αφαίρεσης του τοιχώματος της κύστης, η οποία έχει καλύτερη αποτελεσματικότητα στο φραγμό του αίματος. Στην παρούσα έρευνα, όλοι οι ασθενείς έχουν επιτυχώς ολοκληρώσει τη χειρουργική διαδικασία, δεν υπάρχουν σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων σε όγκο αιμορραγίας κατά τη διάρκεια της χειρουργικής διαδικασίας και τη διάρκεια της χειρουργικής διαδικασίας, αλλά υπάρχουν σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων στην ώρα απόπτυξης των αερίων και την υψηλότερη θερμοκρασία μετά τη χειρουργική διαδικασία, οι οποίες έχουν στατιστική σημασία, P

　　Δύο: Χωρίς χειρουργική θεραπεία

　　1Πункциοποίηση και απελευθέρωση της υγρού με σκληροποιητικό

　　Αυτός ο τρόπος είναι κατάλληλος για την κύστη που έχει διάμετρο μεγαλύτερη από4cm, με συμπτώματα, αποκλείστηκε η κακοήθητη μεταβολή της λοίμωξης μετά από έλεγχο. Οι συχνές σκληροποιητικές ουσίες, η τετρακυκλίνη, η φωσφορική σιδήρωση,95％ αλκοόλης50％ γλυκόζης. Η τοπική δέρμα έχει λοιμώξεις, οι ασθενείς με σοβαρές αιμορραγικές τάσεις δεν είναι κατάλληλοι για αυτόν τον τρόπο. Η αιμορραγία, η λοίμωξη, η αιμοθόξυση, η ρωγμή του νεφρού, οι φλεβοαρτηριακοί φυγοί, οι τραυματικές ουροκύστης και η εξωπλασματική διήθηση του σκληροποιητικού προκαλούν ερεθίσματα και βλάβες στο περιβάλλον του νεφρού.

　　2Πункциοποίηση και απελευθέρωση της υγρού με αντιβιοτικά

　　Αντίθετα από το διάμετρο4cm όταν υπάρχει λοίμωξη στον κύστη του νεφροκυστηρίτη. Μετά την πункциοποίηση και την απελευθέρωση της υγρού με υπερηχογραφική καθοδήγηση, τοποθετήστε ευαίσθητα αντιβιοτικά ανάλογα με την πιθανή στελέχη της λοίμωξης. Η αιμορραγία, η λοίμωξη, η αιμοθόξυση, η ρωγμή του νεφρού, οι φλεβοαρτηριακοί φυγοί, οι τραυματικές ουροκύστης και η εξωπλασματική διήθηση του σκληροποιητικού προκαλούν ερεθίσματα και βλάβες στο περιβάλλον του νεφρού.