Most CMV carriers with good body immunity are asymptomatic, so they become the source of CMV infection in bone marrow and organ transplant recipients. Therefore, it is very important to perform CMV serological examination on donors before transplantation. The clinical manifestations of CMV pneumonia after transplantation include:
1、Acute progressive after transplantation1~2It appears with fever, cough, discomfort, dyspnea, decreased activity, hypoxia, and respiratory failure; pulmonary auscultation is mostly without signs, and wheezing can be heard in patients with bacterial or fungal infections; the disease progresses rapidly, can deteriorate rapidly and die. Common in primary infection, no specific antibodies in the body, so the onset is acute, severe, and prone to systemic viral sepsis and secondary bacterial, fungal infections.
2、Chronic progressive after transplantation3~4It occurs monthly, the symptoms are similar to those of acute progressive type, but the progression is slow, the symptoms are mild, and the mortality rate is low; the lung X-ray shows diffuse interstitial pneumonia and fibrosis; the pathological manifestations are alveolar interstitial edema, varying degrees of fibrosis, lymphocyte infiltration, and epithelial cell hyperplasia. It is common in CMV re-infection or latent virus activation. There is no specificity for CMV pneumonia in AIDS patients, often complicated with systemic CMV infection, such as retinitis, colitis, cholangitis, and esophagitis.