Ankle sprain

　　The ankle includes the ankle joint and the subtalar joint, which is a weight-bearing joint of the lower limb. During excessive forced inversion or eversion activities, such as walking on uneven terrain, falling from a height, or landing unstable during running and jumping, it can cause lateral or medial ligament injury, partial tearing or complete rupture, or avulsion fracture. Most of the time, it is due to the loss of body balance, stepping on someone's foot when landing, or being tripped. During sprains, local joint swelling and pain may occur, and in severe cases, even fractures can occur.

　　If the disease is not treated properly in the early stage, the ligaments may become excessively relaxed, leading to instability of the ankle joint, prone to recurrent sprains, and even damage to the articular cartilage, resulting in traumatic arthritis, which seriously affects walking function. The sequelae caused by improper prevention and treatment of ankle sprains include the following types

　　1. Insufficient muscle strength leads to a decrease in motor ability

　　2, The range of ankle joint movement is reduced

　　3, Long-term pain and swelling in the foot and ankle without a clear cause.

　　4, Ankle instability, feeling unsteady when walking, prone to habitual ankle injuries.

　　1, Lateral ligament injury

　　Caused by strong internal inversion of the foot. Due to the longer external malleolus than the internal malleolus and the weaker lateral ligament, the range of motion of foot inversion is larger, and clinical lateral ligament injury is more common. Partial tearing of the lateral ligament is more common. The clinical manifestations are pain, swelling, limping when walking; sometimes subcutaneous ecchymosis can be seen; there is tenderness in the lateral ligament area; when the foot is inverted, it can cause increased pain in the lateral ligament area. Complete rupture of the lateral ligament is less common. Local symptoms are more obvious. Due to the loss of control of the lateral ligament, abnormal inversion range of motion can occur. Sometimes, a small piece of bone tissue along with the ligament can be torn off, called avulsion fracture. When taking X-rays in the varus position, the tilt degree of the tibio-femoral joint surface is far beyond the normal range of 5 to 10°, and the joint间隙 on the injured side is widened.

　　2, Medial ligament injury

　　Caused by strong external inversion of the foot, it occurs less frequently. Its clinical manifestations are similar to those of lateral ligament injury, but the location and direction are opposite. It is manifested by pain, swelling, and tenderness in the medial ligament area. When the foot is externally inverted, it can cause pain in the medial ligament area, and there may also be avulsion fractures.

　　This disease is mainly caused by traumatic factors. Attention should be paid to safety in production and life, especially to do warm-up exercises before activities. In addition, attention should be paid to the care of the injured patients.

　　1, For severe ankle sprains, it is necessary to go to the hospital for X-ray examination to rule out fractures and dislocations. If a fracture is found, the doctor should be asked for immediate treatment.

　　2, In the acute stage of ankle sprain, the technique should be gentle and slow to avoid exacerbating the bleeding due to injury, and do not apply heat compresses.

　　3, In the recovery period, the technique should be appropriately intensified, and local hot compress can be used at the same time, or external application of traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and dredging the meridians can often achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects.

　　4, Pay attention to keeping the local injury warm and prevent cold.

　　In the early stage of sprain, those with severe conditions should be immobilized, and appropriate fixation should be given according to the condition. After 1 to 2 weeks, the fixation should be removed and functional exercise should be carried out.

　　The examination of this disease mainly involves a detailed physical examination:

　　During the examination, pay attention to pain, the location of the tender points, the degree of swelling, whether the joint is deformed. Hold the upper end of the ankle joint with one hand and push it backward, while holding the heel with the other hand and pulling it forward at the same time, to check whether the range of motion has increased, and compare it with the un injured side. If it is only a slight sprain, continue to apply ice packs and apply compressive bandages, elevate the affected limb. If it is a more serious sprain, it should be sent to the hospital for treatment. In addition, attention should also be paid to the examination of the knee joint to exclude the possibility of peroneal rotational injury and knee ligament injury closest to the ankle joint.

　　Peach Kernel Porridge

　　Take 15 grams of peach kernel, an appropriate amount of brown sugar, crush the peach kernel, soak in water, strain the juice, add brown sugar and glutinous rice, add 400 milliliters of water, and cook until soft to make porridge. Eat twice a day, for 7 to 10 consecutive days, which has the effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, reducing swelling, and alleviating pain.

　　2, Angelica sinensis and pork rib soup

　　Take 10 grams of Angelica sinensis, 15 grams of Fructus psoraleae, 10 grams of续断, 250 grams of fresh pork rib or beef rib, boil for more than 1 hour, eat the soup and meat together, once a day, for 1-2 weeks. It is helpful for removing blood stasis and continuing the injury.

　　3, Angelica sinensis and ginger mutton soup

　　Take 20 grams of Angelica sinensis, 12 grams of ginger, 300 grams of mutton, add 1500 milliliters of water, cook until tender. Eat the meat and drink the soup, once a day. This recipe has the effects of nourishing blood and promoting blood circulation, warming meridians and dispelling cold, and relieving pain, especially suitable for patients with fracture in the later stage and the elderly with physical weakness.

　　Precautions before the treatment of ankle sprains:

　　If the lateral ligament injury is mild and the stability of the ankle joint is normal, the affected limb can be elevated and cold敷 applied early to relieve pain and reduce bleeding and swelling. After 2-3 days, physical therapy, injection, external application of hemostatic, analgesic and blood stasis removing drugs, adequate rest, and protection of the ankle (such as wearing high-top boots) should be paid attention to. If the injury is severe, 5-7 strips of about 2.5 cm wide adhesive tape can be used to stick from the lower third of the calf to the middle of the lateral side of the calf, with the tape wrapped with a bandage. This will keep the foot in an outward position, relax the ligament, facilitate healing, and fix for about 3 weeks. For medial ligament injury, the bandaging and fixation position is reversed.

　　If the symptoms are severe, or the ligament is completely ruptured or there is an avulsion fracture, the affected foot should be immobilized with a short leg cast boot to maintain the 'correcting the excess' position for about 4-6 weeks. A rubber pad or other wear-resistant material can be added to the bottom of the cast boot for walking. If the fracture fragment in the ankle is large and the reduction is poor, then open reduction and internal fixation should be performed.

　　For those with old or recurrent sprains causing excessive relaxation of the lateral ligament and joint instability, it may be considered to reconstruct the lateral ligament using the peroneus brevis tendon.

　　Joint sprains should be treated promptly, the principle is to stop movement and reduce swelling and blood stasis, so that the damaged tissue can be well repaired. For those with a large amount of joint hematoma, it should be drained in a sterile manner in a timely manner to avoid postoperative joint adhesions. For those with ligament rupture or avulsion fractures that affect joint stability, surgical reduction and repair are required to avoid recurrent sprains, joint cartilage injury, and traumatic arthritis.