Posterior tibial artery injury

　　The injury to the posterior tibial artery is a type of trauma and does not belong to a bacterial infection type of disease. It is mainly caused by internal or external interference factors leading to the injury of the posterior tibial artery, which may be caused by factors such as collisions, falls, sharp object injuries, and so on.

　　The spasm and obstruction of the posterior tibial artery after injury not only directly cause ischemic changes in the muscles and nerve branches but also exacerbate the high-pressure state within the muscular interstices, resulting in a significantly higher incidence of lower leg muscular interstitial syndrome. The muscular interstitial syndrome is a series of diseases formed in the lower leg, and the actual etiology, the name of the disease for determining the diagnosis, or the related physiological changes may not be known. In the treatment of the anterior tibial artery injury, attention should first be paid to preventing complications, and if complications occur, they should be treated immediately to avoid further deterioration of the condition.

　　If there is an injury to the posterior tibial artery, there may be symptoms such as local pulsatile hematoma and fresh blood oozing in the lower leg.

　　In addition to the violent factors, the spasm and obstruction of the artery after injury not only directly cause ischemic changes in the muscles and nerve branches but also exacerbate the high-pressure state within the muscular interstices, resulting in a significantly higher incidence of lower leg muscular interstitial syndrome. The muscular interstitial syndrome is a series of diseases formed in the lower leg, and the actual etiology, the name of the disease for determining the diagnosis, or the related physiological changes may not be known. In the treatment of the anterior tibial artery injury, attention should first be paid to preventing complications, and if complications occur, they should be treated immediately to avoid further deterioration of the condition.

　　The posterior tibial artery is the continuation of the popliteal artery, descending between the superficial and deep layers of the lower leg, giving rise to the peroneal artery at the starting point, branching to the tibia and fibula and the posterior and lateral muscle groups of the lower leg. The main trunk passes behind the medial malleolus and turns into the sole of the foot, dividing into the medial and lateral plantar arteries, which distribute to the muscles and skin of the sole. The causes of injury are mostly due to fractures of the tibia and fibula after (the upper end of the tibia is more common), followed by external violence, including sharp injuries to the lower leg, crush injuries, and so on.

　　Avoiding violent injuries to the lower leg can effectively prevent injury to the posterior tibial artery.

　　After the injury to the posterior tibial artery, exploration surgery should be performed. Exploration surgery can specifically observe the condition and also diagnose whether there is any other artery injured, which can serve as the basis for further treatment.

　　Another method that can be used is the vascular blood shadow examination: a photographic technique that eliminates the bone and soft tissue images on the vascular imaging film through computer processing, highlighting only the blood vessels. The medical community recognizes this examination as the 'gold standard' for all vascular disease examinations. It not only clearly and accurately understands the imaging lesions but also understands the blood flow within the blood vessels and the condition of the vascular wall during the contrast process, enabling a comprehensive judgment of the structural and functional changes of the vascular structure. After using a contrast agent, the vascular images become clearer and can discover subtle lesions covered by bone structures, providing a reliable basis for diagnosis and treatment. This examination can determine the degree of injury to the posterior tibial artery and the overall condition of the patient.

　　Basic dietary requirements for patients with posterior tibial artery injury: the calories and various nutrients in the diet must meet the physiological and labor needs of the human body, that is, the diet must contain proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, inorganic salts and trace elements, water, and dietary fiber, and maintain a quantitative balance among various nutrients, avoiding deficiencies and excesses. Therefore, the food should be diverse, because any natural food cannot provide all the nutrients needed by the human body, so a diverse diet is a necessary condition to ensure dietary balance. And the diet of the sick should be tender, soft, and easy to digest, so that reasonable nutrition can take effect.

　　Nicotine in cigarettes has a direct damaging effect on the cardiovascular system, which can raise blood pressure, increase heart rate, and cause arrhythmia or even angina pectoris, which is indirectly unfavorable for the treatment of anterior tibial artery injury; alcohol has a vasodilating effect, drinking a small amount of low-alcohol wine is not taboo, but drinking large amounts of strong alcohol is absolutely prohibited.

　　Western medicine believes that surgery should be performed as soon as possible after artery injury, because in a sense, posterior tibial artery injury is more complex to treat than injury to the thigh or other arteries, and it is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis and immediately perform reconstruction before complications (especially compartment syndrome) occur. Western medicine has always advocated the surgical treatment of posterior tibial artery injury, and patients need to rest and pay attention to health exercises after surgery.

　　Generally, amputation is not required, but if the condition is severe, posterior tibial artery injury leading to complications will only make the condition more complex. Therefore, when there is no choice, amputation surgery should be performed on the patient.