Anterior tibial artery injury

　　Anterior tibial artery injury belongs to a type of trauma, usually caused by external violence and sharp objects, and does not belong to a bacterial infection type of disease. The injury of the anterior tibial artery caused by self or external interference factors may be caused by collisions, falls, sharp object injuries, and other factors.

　　The spasm and obstruction of the anterior tibial artery after injury not only directly cause ischemic changes in muscles and nerve branches, but also aggravate the high-pressure state within the myofascial compartment, therefore, the incidence of lower leg myofascial compartment syndrome is significantly higher, and both can be mutually causal and form a恶性 cycle. Lower leg myofascial syndrome is a series of diseases formed in the lower leg, and the actual etiology, the name of the disease for diagnosis, or the related physiological changes may not be known. In the treatment of anterior tibial artery injury, first pay attention to the prevention of complications, and if complications occur, treat them immediately to avoid further deterioration of the condition.

　　If there is an injury to the anterior tibial artery, it means that the anterior tibial artery is blocked, then the pulse of the dorsal artery of the foot will be weakened or disappear. In addition, there may be symptoms such as local pulsatile hematoma and fresh blood leakage in the lower leg.

　　In addition to the violence factor, the spasm and obstruction of the anterior tibial artery after injury not only directly cause ischemic changes in muscles and nerve branches, but also aggravate the high-pressure state within the myofascial compartment, therefore, the incidence of lower leg myofascial compartment syndrome is significantly higher. Both can be mutually causal and form a vicious cycle. Generally, the violence that can cause injury to the anterior tibial artery trunk is relatively strong, so the resulting fractures and soft tissue injuries are also relatively obvious. In addition, the lower leg has many myofascial compartments, which are prone to increase due to poor drainage.

　　After the anterior tibial artery branches off the popliteal artery, it passes through the interosseous membrane of the lower leg and descends to the deep surface of the anterior group of muscles in the lower leg, along the way branching and distributing to the muscles of the lower leg and the adjacent skin. This artery descends to the dorsal artery of the foot and changes into the dorsal artery of the foot. The dorsal artery of the foot further branches to the dorsal artery of the foot and the dorsal artery of the toes, and there are branches passing through to the sole, known as the deep branch of the sole. The cause of injury is mostly due to fractures of the tibia and fibula after (the upper end of the tibia is more common), followed by external violence, including sharp stab wounds to the lower leg, crush injuries, etc.

　　Avoiding violent injuries to the lower leg can effectively prevent the injury of the anterior tibial artery.

　　After the injury to the anterior tibial artery, exploratory surgery should be performed. Exploratory surgery can specifically observe the condition and also diagnose whether there is any other artery damaged, and use it as a basis for further treatment.

　　In addition, vascular blood shadow examination can be performed: a photographic technique that eliminates the bone and soft tissue images on the vascular film through computer, and only highlights the blood vessels on the image. The medical community recognizes this examination as the 'gold standard' for all vascular disease examinations. It not only clearly understands the imaging lesions but also understands the blood flow in the blood vessels and the condition of the blood vessel walls during the angiography process, comprehensively judging the changes in the structure and function of the blood vessels. After the use of contrast agents, the blood vessel images become clearer and micro-lesions covered by bone structures can be detected, providing reliable evidence for diagnosis and treatment. This examination can judge the degree of injury to the anterior tibial artery and the overall condition of the patient.

　　Basic dietary requirements for patients with anterior tibial artery injury: the calories and various nutrients in the diet must meet the physiological and labor needs of the human body, that is, the diet must contain protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, inorganic salts, trace elements, water, and dietary fiber, and maintain a balance between nutrients, avoiding deficiencies and excesses. Therefore, the food should be diversified, because no natural food can provide all the nutrients needed by the human body, so a diverse diet is a necessary condition to ensure dietary balance. And for the sick, the diet should be soft, tender, and easy to digest, so that reasonable nutrition can take effect.

　　Nicotine in cigarettes has a direct damaging effect on the cardiovascular system, which can raise blood pressure, increase heart rate, and cause arrhythmias and even angina pectoris, which is indirectly unfavorable for the treatment of anterior tibial artery injury; alcohol has a vasodilatory effect, and drinking a small amount of low-alcohol wine is not prohibited, but drinking large amounts of strong alcohol is absolutely prohibited.

　　Western medicine believes that surgery should be performed as soon as possible after an artery injury, because in a sense, the injury to the anterior tibial artery is more complex to treat than the injury to the thigh or other arteries, and it is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis and immediately perform reconstruction surgery before complications (especially myointercostal syndrome) occur. Western medicine has always advocated the surgical treatment of anterior tibial artery injury, and patients need to rest quietly after surgery, and pay attention to health exercise for recovery.

　　However, if the situation is more serious, if the injury to the anterior tibial artery leads to complications, it will only make the condition more complex. Therefore, when there is no choice, amputation surgery should be performed on the patient.