Dysmenorrhea

　　Endocrine factors: Dysmenorrhea often occurs during the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, and menstrual cycles without ovulation generally do not accompany abdominal pain, indicating that abdominal pain is related to the increase of progesterone during the luteal phase.

　　Psychological and neurological factors: Internal or external stress can lower the pain threshold, anxiety, fear, and biochemical metabolic products can stimulate the pelvic pain nerves through the central nervous system.

　　Genetic factors: There is a correlation between dysmenorrhea in daughters and their mothers.

　　When the uterus is extremely retroverted or anteflexed, the isthmus of the uterus can become angular, blocking the flow of menstrual blood and causing abdominal pain before menstruation.

　　Poor uterine development can easily lead to abnormal blood supply, causing tissue ischemia and local hypoxia, which can cause premenstrual and menstrual pain.

　　The narrowing of the cervical canal and the loss of normal relaxation characteristics of the isthmus of the uterus lead to unsmooth outflow of menstrual blood, causing pain.

　　The main pathological mechanism of primary dysmenorrhea is that the uterine contraction strength increases, uterine blood flow decreases, and there is an influence from pituitary hormones and the action of neurotransmitters.

　　The causes of secondary dysmenorrhea are due to some organic lesions, including cervical canal stenosis, poor uterine development, abnormal uterine position, cervical erosion, chronic endometritis or cervical inflammation, pelvic inflammatory masses, uterine fibroids, ovarian tumors, and so on.

　　1, Pelvic inflammation: Persistent lower abdominal pain, which can radiate to the waist, sometimes accompanied by anal distension. It can also cause reproductive tract malformations, such as the uterus being too anteverted, vaginal septum, and other mechanical obstructions, causing menstrual blood to flow out smoothly, leading to the accumulation of blood and causing dysmenorrhea.

　　2, Endometriosis: Often occurs in women aged 30 to 45, because the endometrium runs outside the uterus and settles down. Due to the influence of ovarian hormones, it thickens and bleeds. Since it does not flow out of the body, it stimulates the surrounding tissues, causing uterine muscle contraction or fibrosis, leading to dysmenorrhea.

　　3, Uterine myoma: Common in women over 40 years old, multiparous women, women who have had several induced abortions and uterine curettage. Cervical or uterine cavity adhesion: Common in patients with repeated induced abortions, endometritis, and other diseases.

　　4, Endometriosis of the uterus, because of the invasion of the endometrium into the uterine muscle layer, is one of the typical symptoms of the disease. It can also be accompanied by increased menstrual volume or prolonged menstrual period. Gynecological examination shows that the uterus is uniformly enlarged into a spherical shape, with a harder texture, generally about the size of 2 months of pregnancy, with slight tenderness on light pressure.

　　Dysmenorrhea is characterized by lower abdominal and lumbar sacral pain during or before menstruation.

　　Primary dysmenorrhea usually begins with the onset of menstruation or a few hours before vaginal bleeding, often presenting as spasmodic colic, lasting for 1 to 2 hours. After the severe abdominal pain attack, it turns into moderate intermittent pain, lasting about a day. After the menstrual blood flows smoothly, it gradually disappears, and occasionally, one may need to stay in bed for 2 to 3 days. The pain is usually located in the lower abdomen, and in severe cases, it can radiate to the lumbar sacral region or the anterior medial side of the thigh. More than 50% of patients have gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms. The symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, and fatigue. Occasionally, fainting and collapse may occur.

　　The degree of dysmenorrhea symptoms can be divided into three degrees:

　　(1) Mild: Obvious lower abdominal pain during or before menstruation, accompanied by low back pain, but able to work, no systemic symptoms, sometimes requiring analgesic medication.

　　(2) Moderate: Severe lower abdominal pain during or before menstruation, accompanied by low back pain, nausea, and vomiting, cold extremities, pain temporarily relieved by analgesic measures.

　　(3) Severe: Severe lower abdominal pain during or before menstruation, unable to sit or lie still, severely affecting work, study, and daily life, requiring bed rest. Accompanied by low back pain, pale complexion, profuse sweating, cold extremities, vomiting, diarrhea, or anal distension. Pain relief measures have no significant effect.

　　During the premenstrual period or during menstruation, do not eat cold drinks, chili, vinegar, desserts, and cold foods.

　　For those who are sensitive to pain and are mentally tense, especially adolescent girls, due to a lack of understanding of menstruation, they are prone to anxiety and fear, which can exacerbate pain. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen psychological care, explain women's physiological knowledge, relieve mental burden, maintain a pleasant mood, and help alleviate pain.

　　During menstruation, pay attention to keeping the abdomen warm, do not immerse your feet in cold water, and prevent the invasion of cold evil. At the same time, pay attention to daily life and rest, avoid wind and cold, and prevent catching a cold. Avoid strenuous exercise and overexertion during the menstrual period.

　　4. Avoid excessive mental tension and cold stimulation, do not blow on the air conditioner, and pay attention to keeping warm during the menstrual period. Wear loose clothing, choose loose, breathable, and cotton underwear and pants.

　　5. Understand the physiology of menstruation, pay attention to menstrual health care, reduce anxiety and depression. Pay attention to a regular lifestyle, appropriately supplement nutrition, get enough sleep, and participate in appropriate sports activities.

　　6. Abstain from smoking. Smoking (including second-hand smoke) can easily affect vascular contraction, so it is important to stay away from the harm of tobacco.

　　1. Check hormone levels: The endocrine system is the overall controller of the body. By regulating hormone secretion, this system controls the overall function of the body. Endocrine disorders caused by various reasons can lead to a series of diseases, damaging the physical and mental health of women. Statistics show that more than 90% of women have experienced endocrine disorders to some extent or another.

　　2. Hysteroscopy can detect minor lesions missed during curettage, such as small fibroids, polyps, ulcers, etc., and provide valuable diagnostic evidence. This can be done after curettage. This is one of the examination methods for dysmenorrhea.

　　3. A history of recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease, irregular menstrual cycle, menorrhagia, intrauterine device placement, infertility, and other medical histories can help in the diagnosis of secondary dysmenorrhea.

　　4. Bimanual examination and three-hand examination can discover some causes of dysmenorrhea, such as uterine malformation, uterine fibroids, ovarian tumors, pelvic inflammatory disease, etc. Rectal examination can determine whether the uterine sacral ligament nodes are thickened, which is particularly important for early diagnosis of endometriosis.

　　First, motherwort and egg stewTake 2 eggs, 30 grams of motherwort, and 15 grams of Yuanhu, put them in a pot with some water, and boil together. After the eggs are cooked, remove the shell and boil for a while longer, then remove the medicine residue, eat the eggs, and drink the soup. Start taking it two days before the period, once a day, for 5 to 7 days. In addition to eating motherwort and eggs, dysmenorrhea patients with qi stagnation and blood stasis should also eat more foods that have the effect of soothing the liver, regulating qi, and activating blood circulation, such as white radish, tangerines, finger citron, and fennel, which are all good choices.

　　Second, dysmenorrhea in individuals with yang deficiency constitution

　　Manifestations: The muscles are not strong, and there is a feeling of coldness in the hands and feet at times, the epigastrium, back, or lower back is prone to coldness, and eating or drinking cold things always feels uncomfortable. The stool is loose and watery, and the urine is clear and abundant. During the menstrual period, there is a hidden cold pain in the lower abdomen, or the lower abdomen and the perineum feel empty and heavy, and there is a preference for rubbing and pressing. The amount of menstruation is less, and the color is pale.

　　Dietary adjustment: In daily life, it is recommended to eat more foods that warm the yang, such as beef, mutton, chives, and ginger, and to eat less cold and cold foods such as pears, watermelons, and water chestnuts, as well as to drink less green tea.

　　Herbal Soup with Angelica Sinensis, Ginger, and Mutton: 20 grams of Angelica Sinensis, 30 grams of ginger, wash clean, soak in water to soften, and slice for later use. 500 grams of mutton is cleaned of tendons and membranes, then briefly boiled in boiling water to remove blood, then removed and sliced for later use. Angelica Sinensis, ginger, and mutton are placed in a pot, with water, cooking wine, and salt added. After bringing to a boil, skim the foam, then simmer over low heat until the mutton is tender. It can warm the middle, nourish the blood, dispel coldness, and relieve pain, especially suitable for consumption in winter.

　　Two, Dysmenorrhea in blood stasis体质

　　Manifestation: Pale complexion, dark lips, purple veins under the tongue. The skin is rough, and sometimes subconsciously appear skin ecchymosis. The eyes have many red strings, and the gums are easy to bleed when brushing teeth. Easy to be irritable, forgetful, and temperamental. Abdominal pain during menstruation, not willing to be massaged, dark menstrual blood with blood clots.

　　Dietary adjustment: Eat more hawthorn, vinegar, rose, and tangerine, which have the effects of promoting blood circulation, dispersing nodules, promoting Qi, and relaxing the liver and relieving depression. Eat less fatty meat and other greasy foods.

　　Medicated black soybean and Chuanxiong porridge: Wrap 10 grams of Chuanxiong in gauze and boil it with 25 grams of black soybean and 50 grams of glutinous rice together. Add an appropriate amount of brown sugar. Take it warm in several doses. It can promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, and relieve pain.

　　Three, Diet before Menstruation for Women with Dysmenorrhea:

　　(1) Not suitable for eating: cream, ice cream, milk, eggs, sugar, beef, pork, mutton, bread, and flour products, coffee, black tea, chocolate, and other high-calorie, high-fat, and high-protein foods.

　　(2) Suitable for eating: beans and bean products, celery, cucumber, tomato, chive, onion, potato, spinach, radish, broccoli, wheat, barley, buckwheat, oat, corn, sesame, walnut, almond, apple, grape, fish, and various seasonal fruits.

　　(3) Diet should be light and nutritious. Use fructus lycii and fructus mori to decoct water as tea frequently. Eat less watermelon, mung beans, and other cold and cool foods. Use mutton, pork kidney, bamboo shoot chicken, and other foods such as codonopsis, astragalus, and prepared rehmannia to tonify kidney Qi.

　　Western Medicine Treatment: Contraceptive pills and painkillers can be taken orally. Keep the vulva clean, and use a potassium permanganate solution or warm water to clean the vulva once or twice a day. Abstain from sexual intercourse, swimming, and sitting in a bath during the menstrual period. Avoid sitting or lying in damp places, and change sanitary napkins frequently.

　　Appropriate measures can also be taken to alleviate pain, such as keeping warm before and after the period, or using a hot water bag on the abdomen to promote blood circulation. At the same time, it is necessary to reduce stress, relax the mind, and pay attention to diet and personal hygiene, all of which can play a proper role in preventing and alleviating dysmenorrhea. Painkillers can also be taken in moderate amounts when the pain is severe.