附件炎

　　Clinically, adnexitis is divided into acute and chronic types:

　　I. Causes of acute adnexitis onset:

　　1. After childbirth or abortion, due to decreased body resistance, pathogens can ascend through the vagina and spread to the fallopian tube and ovary, then infect the entire pelvis, causing inflammation.

　　2. Infection after intrauterine surgical procedures, such as curettage, uterine salpingo-iodine oil造影, fallopian tube irrigation, and intrauterine device placement, can cause ascending infection of endogenous pathogens in the lower genital tract due to poor sterilization or improper selection of indications before surgery, leading to the occurrence of acute adnexitis.

　　3. Neglecting menstrual hygiene, having sexual intercourse during menstruation, or having unclean sexual intercourse can also lead to acute adnexitis.

　　4. Inflammation of adjacent organs in the pelvis or fallopian tube, such as appendicitis, can directly spread to cause salpingitis, ovarian inflammation, and pelvic peritonitis. The inflammation usually occurs in the fallopian tube and ovary adjacent to the lesion.

　　5. After the onset of sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea, pathogenic bacteria can spread upward along the peritoneal mucosa, causing inflammation of the fallopian tube and ovary.

　　6. When infection foci in other parts of the body are not treated in a timely manner, pathogenic bacteria can spread through the blood to cause salpingitis and ovarian inflammation (common in tuberculosis).

　　II. Causes of chronic adnexitis onset:
　　The onset of chronic adnexitis is due to incomplete treatment of acute adnexitis, or due to poor physical condition of the patient, leading to the persistence of acute adnexitis. A small number of patients with chronic adnexitis can be caused by direct infection of the fallopian tube and ovary by bacteria without a history of acute adnexitis.

　　1. Infertility:Adnexitis can lead to fallopian tube obstruction, triggering inflammation and other complications, resulting in infertility. The ovary is one of the most important sexual organs that distinguish females from males. Severe adnexitis can cause the ovary to fail to function normally, leading to infertility and sterility, as well as the weakening and disappearance of secondary sexual characteristics, directly causing endocrine disorders and imbalance, ultimately leading to premature aging of the skin in females, and even leading to sexual aversion due to sexual pain, affecting the relationship between couples and causing family discord.

　　2. Dysmenorrhea:Most women may have the experience of dysmenorrhea, and附件炎 is one of the causes. If it is not detected and treated in time, it may cause a series of adverse symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, mainly due to inflammation of the adnexa next to the reproductive organs. Severe and long-term dysmenorrhea can affect daily life and work.

　　3. Other symptoms:If chronic附件炎 frequently recurs, it may cause pelvic congestion, fibrosis of connective tissue, and adhesion of pelvic organs. At this time, the harm of附件炎 may lead to symptoms such as lower abdominal pain, distension, and sacral pain in patients, and these symptoms will be more severe during menstruation and after fatigue.

　　1. The symptoms of附件炎 are mainly acute lower abdominal pain accompanied by fever. During gynecological examination, there may be marked tenderness and rebound pain in the adnexal area, and blood routine examination may show an increase in white blood cells and a significant increase in the proportion of neutrophils. If acute附件炎 is not treated promptly or thoroughly, it may turn into chronic附件炎.

　　2. The clinical symptoms of acute附件炎 are mainly lower abdominal pain and fever, which may vary in severity due to the degree of inflammation. Some patients may have chills, headache, and loss of appetite before a high fever. Increased leukorrhea is due to the secretion of fallopian tube inflammation being discharged through the uterine cavity. Some cases may have intestinal and bladder irritation symptoms.

　　3. Chronic附件炎 has varying degrees of abdominal pain. Chronic inflammation recurrently发作 causes pelvic congestion, fibrosis of connective tissue, and adhesion of pelvic organs. Patients may experience symptoms such as lower abdominal distension, pain, and sacral pain, which may vary in severity and are often accompanied by increased leukorrhea, back pain, and menstrual irregularities, and are often exacerbated during menstruation or after fatigue. During gynecological examination, there may be tenderness and thickening in the bilateral or unilateral adnexal area, or there may be tender masses, with an increase or normal white blood cell count.

　　1. Avoid sexual activity during menstruation. Avoid sexual intercourse during menstruation to prevent infection. Pay attention to the cleanliness and hygiene of menstrual pads, and it is best to use disinfected toilet paper.

　　2. Eat more light and healthy foods, and the diet should be mainly light foods. Eat more nutritious foods such as eggs, tofu, red beans, spinach, etc. Avoid eating raw, cold, and spicy foods.

　　3. Medical personnel must strictly adhere to sterile operation when examining patients. In the operation of delivery, abortion, and uterine cavity surgery, strict disinfection and adherence to sterile operation procedures are required to prevent infection and附件炎. For prevention, it is appropriate to take antibiotics after surgery to prevent infection.

　　4. Avoid unnecessary gynecological examinations to prevent the spread of infection and the spread of inflammation.

　　5. Pay attention to personal hygiene, especially the cleanliness of intimate areas. Absolutely avoid sexual activity during menstruation. Pay more attention to hygiene during this period. Choose hygienic products that have been inspected and approved by health and epidemic prevention departments, and pay attention to the production date. You can clean the vulva with clean water every day. Using alkaline bath gel may disrupt the acid-base balance of the vulva, increase vaginal discharge, and make gynecological inflammation more likely to occur.

　　6. Drink plenty of water. Salpingitis can easily cause body fever, so it is important to drink plenty of water to reduce body temperature.

　　Patients with salpingitis should abstain from alcohol. If you easily experience edema during your period, alcohol will worsen this problem.

　　It is best to avoid caffeine. The caffeine in coffee, tea, cola, and chocolate can make you nervous, which may cause discomfort during your period, and these drinks should be avoided in the dietary adjustment for salpingitis. In addition, the oil in coffee may also stimulate the small intestine.

　　At the same time, it is best to avoid spicy foods, carbonated drinks, alcohol, and other foods that are stimulating.

　　Salpingitis can be acute or chronic, and there are also differences in treatment methods between the two.

　　Drug Treatment:
　　1. Acute salpingitis is mainly infectious, such as bacterial infection, chlamydia infection, or mixed infection. At this time, it is most important to use broad-spectrum antibiotics in a timely and adequate manner, and to ensure full-course treatment, usually for 7 days, followed by a period of consolidation treatment to prevent its chronic development.

　　2. Chronic salpingitis, if only antibiotic drugs are used, the effect is not significant, and it requires long-term supportive therapy. This includes local (vaginal or anal suppository) treatment, using drugs such as Kangfu Anti-inflammatory Suppository, Kangfu Special Suppository, or Chrysanthemum Flower Suppository, etc.

　　Surgical Treatment:
　　Large hydrosalpinx or fallopian tube ovarian cysts caused by inflammation can be treated surgically. For infertility caused by fallopian tube blockage, fallopian tube repair surgery can be performed. For chronic salpingo-oophoritis and pelvic peritonitis with recurrent acute attacks, if the therapeutic effect of drug treatment is not ideal and the patient is older, surgical treatment can also be considered.