泌尿生殖系阿米巴病是由溶组织阿米巴感染引起的疾病,临床上较少见。主要发生在同性恋(肛交)和异性恋(口交)者中,表现为阴茎阿米巴病。另外,阿米巴病还可累及肾、膀胱、睾丸、附睾和精囊等部位,引起局部炎症。肾阿米巴病是一般通过阿米巴肝脓肿穿破至右肾周形成肾周围阿米巴脓肿,再穿透肾盂而引起的;也可随血液循环或淋巴系统感染到肾脏。
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泌尿生殖系阿米巴病
- 目录
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1.泌尿生殖系阿米巴病的发病原因有哪些
2.泌尿生殖系阿米巴病容易导致什么并发症
3.泌尿生殖系阿米巴病有哪些典型症状
4.泌尿生殖系阿米巴病应该如何预防
5.泌尿生殖系阿米巴病需要做哪些化验检查
6.泌尿生殖系阿米巴病病人的饮食宜忌
7.西医治疗泌尿生殖系阿米巴病的常规方法
1. 泌尿生殖系阿米巴病的发病原因有哪些
一、发病原因
溶组织内阿米巴滋养体可经原发病灶直接蔓延或经血流播散至全身各处,出现临床上较少见的阿米巴病。泌尿系统阿米巴病包括尿道炎、前列腺炎,多继发于阿米巴痢疾,可能是通过肠道血流-淋巴蔓延或逆行感染所致。
溶组织内阿米巴的生活史分为两期,即能致病的滋养体期及能传播的包囊期。在生活环境适宜时,滋养体由包囊内逸出,寄生在人体结肠腔内或肠壁上,并进行分裂繁殖。滋养体大小不等,以直径15~30cm最为多见。滋养体由上、中段结肠移行到下段结肠,如生活条件不利时,便分泌囊壁形成包囊,体积与滋养体大小相仿。包囊随粪便排出体外。如果人吞食了被包囊污染了的水或食物,即可能被感染。包囊到达结肠内,环境适宜时,又转变成滋养体,才有可能使人发病。
滋养体被排出人体,在人体外不会转变成包囊。滋养体也没有传播能力,一旦离开人体很快就会死亡。即使滋养体被人吞入胃内,也会被胃酸杀死。相反,包囊耐受外界不利环境条件的能力却很强。包囊在粪便中能存活2周以上,在水中存活5周。在25~34℃土壤中存活8天,2~6℃时存活40天,0℃时可存活60天。一般用于消毒饮用的氯浓度不能杀死包囊,但加热到50℃时,即可杀死包囊。
二、发病机制
泌尿生殖系统阿米巴病的感染途径有:
1、直接感染:可因阿米巴性肝脓肿破溃面感染到肾周围,形成肾周围脓肿。穿透肾盂引起肾阿米巴病,再随尿下行感染到膀胱。肛周及阴囊部阿米巴病也多由肠阿米巴病蔓延而来。
2、经血循环及淋巴系统感染:溶组织内阿米巴可通过血行或淋巴系统感染到肾脏等泌尿器官。溶组织阿米巴的侵袭,肾脏是第5个最常见部位,右肾最多。患者可有畏寒、高热、尿频、尿痛、尿急等似急性肾盂肾炎的症状,尿可呈米汤样,也可呈果酱样,有时尚可自尿中排出烂鱼肠样腐败组织。
3、接触感染:男性同性恋者可通过肛交致病。阴茎皮肤有小擦伤时,可被粪便污染而致病。表现为阴茎皮肤出现不规则表浅溃疡,边缘隆起,覆以血性、脓性分泌物或棕黄色坏死组织,易出血,有触痛。
2. 泌尿生殖系阿米巴病容易导致什么并发症
一、肠内合并症
1、肠出血:深溃疡可侵蚀血管引起程度不等的肠出血,有时成为本病的主要症状。大量出血少见。
2、肠穿孔:多发生于暴发型及有深溃疡的患者,穿孔部位以盲肠、阑尾和升结肠为多见,穿孔后可引起局限性或弥漫性腹膜炎。急性穿孔较少见,慢性穿孔较多,大多无剧烈的腹痛发作,穿孔发生的时间常难以确定,但全身情况逐渐恶化。X线检查可见游离气体而确诊。有时由于先形成粘连,穿孔后可形成局部脓肿,或穿入附近器官而形成内瘘。
3、阿米巴性阑尾炎:盲肠部病变易蔓延至阑尾。临床症状与一般阑尾炎相似,但易发生穿孔。据称热带、亚热带地区因阑尾炎而手术者,发现约1/3为阿米巴感染所致。
4、结肠肉芽肿:慢性病例由于黏膜增生,发生肉芽肿,形成大肿块,极似肿瘤,称为阿米巴瘤,极易误诊为肠癌。多见于盲肠、乙状结肠及直肠等处。
二、肠外合并症
溶组织内阿米巴滋养体可自肠壁静脉、淋巴管或直接蔓延,播散至肝、腹腔、肺、胸膜、心包、脑、泌尿生殖道或邻近皮肤,形成脓肿或溃疡,其中以阿米巴肝脓肿最常见。
3. 泌尿生殖系阿米巴病有哪些典型症状
有可疑病史或阿米巴肝脓肿,阿米巴痢疾的病史。
1、肾,膀胱阿米巴病
可出现肾区钝痛,畏寒,发热,尿频,尿急,尿痛等症状,肾区持续性钝痛或剧痛,伴发腰肌紧张和强直,可出现米汤样尿或果酱样尿,有时还可出现烂鱼肠样腐败组织,是阿米巴膀胱炎特征症状。
2、阴茎阿米巴病
阴茎皮肤表面可出现不规则的表浅溃疡,边缘隆起,表面覆以血性或脓性分泌物。
4. 泌尿生殖系阿米巴病应该如何预防
饮水须煮沸,不吃生菜,防止饮食被污染,如果不慎饮用了可疑污染的水源以及食物可以口服甲硝唑或者替硝唑进行预防性治疗。防止苍蝇滋生和灭蝇,减少阿米巴原虫传染机会。检查和治疗从事饮食业的排包囊者及慢性患者,治疗期间应调换工作。平时注意饭前便后洗手等个人卫生。
5. What laboratory tests need to be done for amebic diseases of the urinary and reproductive systems
1. Trophozoites containing red blood cells can be found in secretions.
2. Red blood cells, white blood cells, tissue debris, and fresh urine sediment can find amebic trophozoites and cysts.
3. Serological tests, such as indirect hemagglutination and immunofluorescence tests, have the highest sensitivity and specificity, but only react to active infections, not to carriers.
4. Cystoscopy shows diffuse congestion and edema of the bladder mucosa in the acute stage, and polypoid or superficial ulceration of the mucosa in the chronic stage. Biopsy can find amebic trophozoites.
5. X-ray examination shows that there is a filling defect in the lesion area; sometimes there is renal perinephric abscess with blurred lumbar psoas shadow.
6. Dietary taboos for patients with amebic diseases of the urinary and reproductive systems
1. What foods are good for the body for urinary and reproductive system actinomycosis
In terms of diet, pay attention to strengthen nutrition, eat more light foods such as vegetables and fruits, and supplement necessary vitamins and trace elements, such as eating more cucumbers, bitter melon, and portulaca.
2. What foods should not be eaten for urinary and reproductive system actinomycosis
Try not to drink strong alcohol, eat刺激性 food, and avoid greasy, fried, moldy, and preserved food.
7. The routine method of Western medicine for the treatment of amebic diseases of the urinary and reproductive systems
I. Treatment
In addition to supportive therapy, drug treatment includes:
1. Metronidazole 0.4-0.8g, 3 times a day, for 5-7 days. Adverse reactions include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, etc.
2. Tinidazole 2g, once a day, for 3 days.
The above two drugs are contraindicated in pregnant women and lactating women. During the period of taking the medicine, alcohol and alcoholic beverages are prohibited.
3. Emetine (emetine) 0.06 [1mg/(kg·d)] deep intramuscular injection, for 6-9 days. Repeat treatment should be separated by 20-30 days, with high toxicity, and is contraindicated in patients with renal insufficiency, the elderly, the weak, and pregnant women.
4. For other amebic kidney diseases that require surgical treatment, it is necessary to wait for the condition to stabilize after drug treatment before performing the operation, otherwise it is easy to spread amebas.
II. Prognosis
The prognosis of this disease is generally good. Those with intestinal complications and incomplete treatment are prone to recurrence. Patients with fulminant onset have a poor prognosis, and those with serious complications such as severe intestinal hemorrhage, intestinal perforation, and diffuse peritonitis have a poor prognosis.
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