1.Causing infertility: Ovarian cysts pose great harm to female health. The ovary is the place where eggs develop, mature, and are released. Different stages of follicles are located in the ovarian cortex. If the ovary is damaged, it will cause mechanical obstruction of the fallopian tube, thereby affecting the ovulatory function of the ovary, leading to infertility.
2.Ovarian cysts combined with pregnancy: Patients with early pregnancy and ovarian cysts should wait until pregnancy3～4months later is more suitable for surgery. If a cyst is found in the late stage of pregnancy, it should wait until full term, and if the cyst blocks the birth canal during labor, cesarean section should be performed while removing the cyst. If a malignant ovarian cyst is diagnosed, surgery should be performed as soon as possible, and the fetus should not be taken into account. The treatment principle is the same as that during non-pregnancy.
3.Malignant transformation of ovarian cyst: Malignant transformation of benign ovarian tumors often occurs in older patients, especially postmenopausal women, where the tumor rapidly increases in size within a short period, causing bloating, loss of appetite, and a significantly increased, fixed tumor volume with pleural effusion. Immediate treatment should be sought for suspected malignant transformation.
4.Ovarian cyst pedicle torsion: This complication is relatively common and is one of the gynecological acute abdomen. It is more common in cystic tumors with long pedicles, medium size, high mobility, and center of gravity biased to one side, and often occurs during sudden changes in body position, early pregnancy, or postpartum. After pedicle torsion, due to the obstruction of venous return of the tumor, congestion occurs, turning purple or brown, and even bleeding due to vascular rupture. Tumor necrosis and infection can occur due to arterial obstruction.
5.Infection: This condition is relatively rare and often secondary to tumor pedicle torsion or rupture. The main symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, elevated white blood cells, and varying degrees of peritonitis. Active infection control and scheduled surgical exploration should be carried out.
6.Rupture of tumor: It can cause spontaneous rupture due to ischemic necrosis of the cyst wall or tumor erosion through the cyst wall; or due to external rupture caused by compression, delivery, gynecological examination, and puncture. After rupture, the cyst fluid flows into the peritoneal cavity, stimulates the peritoneum, and can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and even shock. During examination, there are signs of peritoneal irritation such as tense abdominal wall, tenderness, and rebound pain, and the original mass may shrink or disappear. After diagnosis, an immediate laparotomy should be performed to remove the cyst and clean the peritoneum.
