Femoral hernia (femoral hernia) refers to a hernia where organs or tissues protrude through the femoral ring into the femoral canal and then protrude through the round ligament. That is, the hernia sac protrudes through the femoral ring, through the femoral canal, and towards the round ligament. Femoral hernia is the least common type of hernia in the inguinal region, accounting for approximately3%~5%. Due to the relatively high incidence of incarceration, strangulation, and intestinal resection in femoral hernia, delaying treatment will increase the mortality rate, which is particularly evident in elderly patients. Therefore, surgical treatment is the only effective method for femoral hernia.
The femoral hernia is mostly acquired, with congenital femoral hernia being extremely rare. Its occurrence is related to factors such as a wide femoral ring, pregnancy, obesity, degeneration of connective tissue, and increased intra-abdominal pressure. According to reports by Chinese scholars,40% to 0%60% of inguinal hernia patients have developed obstruction and strangulation at the time of their visit, and it is not uncommon for some overweight patients to be misdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as Rosenmtiller lymph node enlargement (inflammation). The reason may be related to the rarity of inguinal hernia and the insufficient understanding of its clinical characteristics by doctors.
Anatomical studies have shown that the deep weakness of the inguinal area is a defect in the process of human evolution, described by the French doctor Fruchaud as the myopectineal orifice (MPO). This area is covered only by a thin layer of transversalis fascia. If intra-abdominal pressure increases or there is a defect in the peritoneal fascia, inguinal hernia can occur. The occurrence of indirect, direct, and inguinal hernias has the same anatomical basis, all originating from the myopectineal orifice, so inguinal hernias should also be classified as inguinal hernias. Many foreign literature has long equated inguinal hernia and inguinal hernia. Although inguinal hernia is still presented as an independent chapter in Chinese textbooks, with a deeper understanding and recognition of the MPO concept, there is a unification of understanding and treatment of inguinal hernia, leading to more and more scholars advocating preperitoneal repair (Preperitoneal), agreeing that every inguinal hernia should strengthen the MPO transversalis fascia repair.