Blood blockage

　　1, dysfunction of the central nervous system, leading to hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system;

　　2, increased content of adrenaline and norepinephrine in the blood circulation;

　　3, the condition often worsens during the menstrual period and improves during pregnancy, so some people believe it is related to endocrine;

　　4, the inherent defects of the limb small arteries, which show an excessive response to normal physiological phenomena;

　　5, some people believe that initially, the extremity small arteries have an excessive response to cold, and then due to long-term vasoconstriction, the arterial intima proliferates and blood flow is unsmooth. If there are various physiological factors that reduce the blood flow of the extremity small arteries, they can act on the lesion artery and cause an attack;

　　6, patients often have a family history, suggesting that it may be related to heredity;

　　7, immune and connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma,结节性多动脉炎, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, polymyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, vasculitis caused by hepatitis B antigen, drug-induced vasculitis, and Sjogren's syndrome;

　　8, obstructive arterial lesions such as occlusive arterial atherosclerosis and thromboembolic arteritis;

　　9, physical factors such as vibration injury, direct arterial trauma, and cold injury;

　　10, caused by certain drugs such as ergot, lead, thallium, arsenic, and poisoning, polyvinyl chloride, beta-blockers, cytotoxic drugs, contraceptives, and so on;

　　11. Factors affecting the neurovascular mechanism such as cervical ribs, anterior scalene muscle syndrome, thoracic outlet syndrome, improper use of crutches to compress the axilla, tumor compression of the brachial plexus and subclavian vessels, cervical spondylosis or nucleus pulposus prolapse, peripheral neuritis, syringomyelia or spinal atrophy, etc.

　　12. Increased cold agglutinins or cold globulinemia, polycythemia vera, paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, etc.;

　　13. Some are related to migraines and variant angina pectoris.

　　Blood痹 can cause occlusion of small blood vessels, resulting in ischemic necrosis at the tip of the finger. Severe cases may appear flattened fingertips, gangrene, the distal phalanx of the finger may become necrotic, absorbed, or dissolved due to ischemia, resulting in shortening or amputation. In some patients with low resistance, the occurrence of ulcers at the tips of the fingers due to ischemia may lead to osteomyelitis, sepsis, and other diseases, which is also the most serious complication of this disease. Proper and timely use of anti-infection drugs is helpful to prevent the occurrence of these complications.

　　Patients often have attacks due to cold exposure or after contacting cold temperatures with their fingers, and some may be triggered by emotional excitement or mental tension. The characteristic of an attack is the sudden whitening of the skin on the fingers (or toes), followed by cyanosis, then turning to flushed red, presenting intermittent attacks. Fingers are more common while toes are less common. Attacks usually start from the little finger and the ring finger tips and gradually spread to the entire finger and even the palm, but the thumb is less prone to disease, accompanied by local coldness, numbness, tingling, acid and stuffy discomfort, or other abnormal sensations. The temperature of the whole body and the local area may decrease at times, but the pulse of the radial artery or the dorsalis pedis artery is normal. At the initial stage, the attack usually lasts for several minutes to half an hour and resolves spontaneously. When the skin turns red, it is often accompanied by a burning and tingling sensation, and then returns to normal color. If local warming, rubbing the affected limb, swinging the limbs, etc., are done during an attack, the attack can be stopped. As the disease progresses, symptoms become more severe, attacks become more frequent, and each attack can last for more than an hour, sometimes requiring immersion of the hands and feet in warm water to stop the attack.

　　This includes avoiding cold stimuli and emotional excitement; avoiding smoking; avoiding the use of ergotamine, beta-blockers, and contraceptives; for those with obvious occupational causes (long-term use of vibrating tools, working under low temperatures), it is as good as possible to change to type I. Carefully protect the fingers from外伤, as minor injuries are easy to cause ulcers at the tips of the fingers or other nutritional changes. Drinking a small amount of alcoholic beverages in daily life can improve symptoms. If conditions permit, moving to a mild and dry climate can further reduce the occurrence of symptoms. It is an important measure to relieve the patient's mental concerns and maintain optimism.

　　Diagnosis of this disease is relatively easy according to typical skin color changes. However, during warm weather, especially in early patients, clinical manifestations are mild, even without any skin color changes. For patients without typical symptoms, it is difficult to make a diagnosis solely based on their complaints. Therefore, auxiliary examinations and provocation tests for arterial spasm are needed to confirm the diagnosis and understand the peripheral circulation. There are many methods of auxiliary examination, and the commonly used methods include the following [3]:
　　(1) Cold Water Test: According to the principle of the vascular response to cold stimulation, immerse the patient's hands in water at a lower temperature and observe their reaction. Generally use water at about 4℃ and soak for 1 minute, the skin color change induction rate is 75%. This test is simple and easy to do, but some patients may experience finger pain and other symptoms. Patients with hypertension and heart disease should use it with caution.
　　(2) Local Cooling Test: When the room temperature is 20℃, first measure the finger skin temperature, then immerse both hands in 4℃ water for 2 minutes. Then observe the changes in finger skin temperature, calculate the time to recover the skin temperature before the test, over 30 minutes is positive. It can be combined with the cold water test for examination.
　　(3) Arm Binding Test: Wrap the blood pressure cuff around the upper arm, measure the blood pressure, then reduce the systolic pressure by 1.33 kPa (10 mmHg), maintain for 5 minutes;
　　Observe the changes in finger skin color after release. This method uses pressure stimulation to induce vascular spasm, simple and easy to do, but the induction rate is low.
　　(4) Fist Clenching Test: Clench both hands for 1.5 minutes, then bend the elbows and relax the hands at the level of the waist. This test can induce skin color changes and delay the time for skin color to return to normal from pale.
　　(5) Capillary Microcirculation Examination: In normal people, capillary loops are clear, arranged neatly, with consistent diameter, and the background color is red and yellow, with smooth blood flow. In patients with Raynaud's disease, capillary loops are significantly reduced, the diameter is very thin, the loops are short, most loops are broken or dot-like, blood flow is slow, and even stagnant.
　　(6) Arteriography: Pulp artery spasm is most obvious, especially in the palmar and digital arteries. Arteriography shows narrow lumen, arteries are serpentine; in the late stage, changes include rough intima of the finger artery, lumen stenosis or obstruction. These changes generally do not appear in the proximal part of the palmar arch artery.

　　First, Blood Stasis Food Therapy Formula

　　1, Fuzhen and Ginger Dog Meat Soup

　　Properties: 10 grams of fuzhen, 20 grams of ginger, 15 grams of angelica sinensis, 250 grams of dog meat.

　　Preparation: Wash the fuzhen, slice the ginger, and trim the dog meat to remove excess fat and tendons, then cut into small pieces. Add all the ingredients to the pot, add an appropriate amount of water, simmer for about two hours, adjust the seasoning appropriately, eat the meat and drink the soup, one small bowl each time.

　　2, Safflower and Wild Chrysanthemum Soup

　　Ingredients: 5 grams of safflower, 5 grams of chuanxiong, 15 grams of wild chrysanthemum, 15 grams of dandelion, and 200 grams of lettuce.

　　Preparation: Boil chuanxiong in water for ten minutes, take the juice; add safflower, wild chrysanthemum, and dandelion to the juice and boil for ten minutes, then add sliced lettuce, remove from heat after boiling, and add sesame oil, vinegar, and monosodium glutamate.

　　3, Wolfberry and Salvia Miltiorrhiza Sparrow Soup

　　Ingredients: 4 sparrows, 15 grams of wolfberry, 10 grams of semen serpens, 15 grams of salvia miltiorrhiza, scallion, ginger, garlic, yellow wine, and other seasonings in appropriate amounts.

　　Preparation: Kill the sparrow cleanly, put wolfberry, semen serpens, and salvia miltiorrhiza into the belly of the sparrow, then put the sparrow into a pot, add an appropriate amount of water, boil it with strong fire, then simmer for one hour with mild fire, remove the medicine, add scallion, ginger, garlic, yellow wine, and salt, and simmer for a while with low fire.

　　4, Astragalus and Ginseng Porridge

　　Astragalus 30 grams, red ginseng 10 grams, angelica 15 grams, atractylodes 10 grams, glutinous rice 100 grams. First decoct astragalus, red ginseng, angelica, atractylodes, then take the juice and cook with glutinous rice for eating.

　　5, Guishen Rice Porridge

　　Angelica root 20 grams, red ginseng 10 grams, foxglove 20 grams, prepared rehmannia 20 grams, glutinous rice 100 grams. First, put the angelica root, red ginseng, foxglove, prepared rehmannia into a pot, add water and boil for 60 minutes, then take the juice and cook with glutinous rice to eat.

　　Secondly, blood obstruction patients should eat:

　　1, Corn

　　Corn is rich in fat, and its unsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid, contain more than 60%. It helps the normal metabolism of human fat and cholesterol, can reduce the deposition of cholesterol in blood vessels, and thus soften artery vessels.

　　2, Tomato

　　Not only do they contain 24 times more various vitamins than apples and pears, but they also contain rutin, which can improve the body's oxidative capacity, eliminate free radicals and other body waste, protect vascular elasticity, and have a preventive effect on thrombosis formation.

　　3, Apple

　　Apples are rich in polyphenolic acids, flavonoids, potassium, vitamin E, and C, which can help decompose accumulated fat in the body and have a significant effect on delaying and preventing the onset of atherosclerosis.

　　4, Kelp

　　Kelp contains abundant fucoidan and kombu, which have similar activities to heparin. They can prevent thrombosis and lower cholesterol and lipoproteins, inhibit atherosclerosis.

　　5, Tea

　　Contains tea polyphenols, which can improve the body's antioxidant capacity, lower blood lipids, alleviate the hypercoagulable state of blood, enhance the elasticity of red blood cells, and alleviate or delay atherosclerosis. Regular tea drinking can soften artery vessels and alleviate symptoms of related cardiovascular diseases.

　　6, Garlic

　　Contains volatile allicin, which can eliminate fat accumulated in blood vessels and has a significant lipid-lowering effect; it is a good medicine for treating hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis.

　　7, Onion

　　Contains a prostaglandin A that can dilate blood vessels, reduce blood viscosity, decrease blood pressure, and at the same time, onions contain diallyl disulfide and sulfur-containing amino acids, which can enhance the activity of fibrinolysis, have a lowering blood lipid and anti-arteriosclerosis effect.

　　8, Eggplant

　　Protects cardiovascular health and lowers blood pressure; eggplant is rich in vitamin P, a type of flavonoid compound that has a softening effect on blood vessels.

　　9, Sanqi

　　Can promote blood circulation and prevent cardiovascular diseases: Regular consumption can reduce cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood and can prevent hyperlipidemia, hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and is the best health food to alleviate the symptoms of these cardiovascular diseases.

　　Western medicine treatment:
　　1. Vasodilator drugs mainly act on adrenergic receptors and directly on the smooth muscle of small arteries, which are drugs that dilate small arteries.
　　(1) Papaverine 30-60mg, taken orally or injected intramuscularly 2-3 times a day.
　　(2) Tolexilin 25mg, taken orally 3-4 times a day; or injected intramuscularly 1-2 times a day.
　　(3) Phentolamine 25mg, taken orally 3-4 times a day; or 5mg, injected intramuscularly or intravenously 1-2 times a day.
　　(4) Pentoxifylline 200-600mg, taken orally 3 times a day.
　　2. Antithrombotic drugs mainly inhibit phospholipase, cyclooxygenase, and thromboxane A2 synthase on the platelet membrane, increase the level of cAMP in platelets, thereby inhibiting or reducing platelet adhesion and aggregation, and preventing thrombosis.
　　(1) Aspirin 100-300mg, taken orally 3 times a day
　　(2) Low molecular weight dextran 500ml, administered intravenously once or twice a day, for 10-15 days as a course of treatment, with a 5-7 day interval.
　　(3) Prostaglandin E1 100-200ug, administered intravenously once a day added to 500ml of 0.9% normal saline, for 10-15 days as a course of treatment, with a 5-7 day interval; or 100ug added to 100ml of 0.9% normal saline, injected into the femoral artery once a day, for 7-10 consecutive days.
　　(4) Vasonite 300mg, taken orally 2-3 times a day; or 400mg added to 500ml of 5% glucose injection, administered intravenously once a day, for 10-15 consecutive days.
　　(5) Dipyridamole 50mg, taken orally 3-4 times a day.
　　3. Thrombolytic defibrination drugs can directly or indirectly activate the fibrinolysis system, causing plasmin with thrombolytic activity to dissolve the fibrin in the thrombus, achieving the purpose of thrombolysis.
　　Urokinase (for use in acute arterial thrombosis) 200,000-300,000 units added to 500ml of 5% glucose injection or normal saline, administered intravenously once a day, for 5-7 consecutive days.
　　4. Adrenal cortical hormones are generally not recommended, but for patients in the active phase of the lesion, they can be used short-term to reduce inflammation and control vascular inflammation, for 7-15 days of medication.
　　(1) Prednisone 10mg, taken orally 3-4 times a day.
　　(2) Dexamethasone 0.75mg, taken orally 3-4 times a day; or 10-20mg, taken intravenously once a day.
　　Other Treatments:
　　Surgical procedures such as stem cell transplantation, vascular interventional thrombolysis, balloon catheter dilation, stent implantation, vascular bypass, and minimally invasive high-pressure perfusion shock therapy combined with the unique techniques of professional physicians can quickly treat phlebitis, arteritis, and chronic leg ulcers, etc.