Congenital hallux valgus

　　This condition is more common in the firstborn infants, which may be related to the small uterus and high tension in primiparas, as well as the relatively tense abdominal muscles. The above conditions are more likely to cause mechanical compression on the fetus in the late stage of pregnancy, thus leading to abnormal foot posture.

　　For children with clubfoot, prolonged condition can lead to abnormal development of foot bones; causing the talus and navicular bones to bulge inward, maldevelopment of the outer calcaneus and cuneiform bones, and calcaneal varus; there may be outward spreading and pronation of the forefoot, depression of the medial margin (tibialis posterior paralysis is more pronounced), and pain in the top of the foot and the inner sole of the forefoot, as well as the appearance of painful calluses.

　　The affected foot can be found to have a dorsiflexion and inversion deformity after the baby is born, and in severe cases, the foot back can contact the skin in front of the tibia. At the same time, due to the increased tension of the soft tissues on the dorsal and lateral sides of the foot, the plantar flexion and inversion activities of the foot are restricted.

　　Congenital hallux valgus is a congenital disease with an unknown etiology and unclear pathogenesis. There is currently no effective preventive measure. Good prenatal diagnosis and early diagnosis and treatment are the key to the prevention and treatment of the disease.

　　The affected foot can be found to have a dorsiflexion and inversion deformity after the baby is born, and in severe cases, the foot back can contact the skin in front of the tibia. Auxiliary examinations often show no specific signs, such as X-ray examinations often show no abnormalities, neither intertarsal joint subluxation nor primary tarsal ossification center maldevelopment.

　　Pay attention to rest, combine work and rest, live in an orderly manner, maintain an optimistic, positive and upward attitude towards life, and choose high-nutrient plant or animal proteins, such as milk, eggs, fish, lean meat, various bean products, etc. Various fresh vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins and have high nutritional value.

　　The treatment of this disease is divided into the following two situations:

　　For mild cases, if the affected foot can be passively plantar flexed and inverted beyond the neutral position, treatment is not necessary, and it can usually recover spontaneously within 3 to 6 months.

　　For relatively severe deformities, manipulative reduction should be adopted, and passive plantar flexion and inversion activities should be performed, stretching the soft tissues on the dorsal and plantar sides of the foot. Perform 30 movements each time, 3 to 4 times a day. Maintain each stretch for about 10 seconds. Generally, persisting for 2 to 3 months can make the deformity disappear. If the manipulative reduction is still not satisfactory, use an orthopedic cast or Denis-Brown splint to fix the affected foot in a plantar flexion and inversion position, which can make the deformity disappear in about 4 to 6 weeks.