Congenital hallux valgus

　　Most scholars believe that congenital hallux valgus occurs in the uterus. Patients have two hallux buds on one foot, with one occurring on the inside of the original hallux. This accessory hallux is underdeveloped, combines with fibrous tissue, forming a tense bowstring-like contracture, and gradually pulls the original hallux into an inward deformity.

　　The valgus toe's inner edge in congenital hallux valgus patients is prone to be compressed inside the shoe, causing symptoms such as swelling, pain, and discomfort. Severe cases can cause difficulties in wearing shoes and abnormal gait. This disease usually does not lead to other diseases.

　　The valgus toe's inner edge in congenital hallux valgus patients is prone to be compressed inside the shoe, causing symptoms such as swelling, pain, and discomfort. Severe cases can cause difficulties in wearing shoes and abnormal gait. The conservative treatment of congenital hallux valgus is not effective, and generally, surgical treatment is required.

　　The main preventive measures for congenital hallux valgus are premarital physical examination and prenatal diagnosis. Among them, genetic counseling and genetic examination are important contents of premarital physical examination.

　　When diagnosing congenital hallux valgus, in addition to relying on its clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations are also needed. Patients undergo X-rays showing angular deformity of the first metatarsal joint towards the inside, with the toe separated from the second toe. Generally, there is an increased angle between the first and second metatarsal bones, and the first metatarsal is short and thick, among other signs.

　　The diet of congenital hallux valgus patients should be light and easy to digest, with an emphasis on eating more vegetables and fruits, a reasonable diet, and ensuring adequate nutrition. In addition, patients should also pay attention to avoiding spicy, greasy, and cold foods.

　　The conservative treatment of congenital hallux valgus is not effective, and generally, surgical treatment is required. Depending on the degree of toe valgus, different surgeries are performed, such as Farmer surgery and McElvenny surgery. If the metatarsophalangeal joint has developed osteoarthritis, McKeever surgery can be adopted. For severe cases of deformity, toe amputation should be considered.