Congenital metatarsus adductus deformity

　　Congenital metatarsus adductus deformity is often caused by genetic factors, and some scholars believe that the disease is caused by an incorrect position of the fetus in the uterus. Deformity may not be obvious at birth. Kite reported that only 1/3 of the children were found at birth, and the rest were diagnosed on average 2.8 months after birth.

　　Congenital metatarsus adductus deformity is prone to concurrent inferiority complex. Inferiority is a negative self-evaluation or self-consciousness. Inferiority is a negative emotion of individuals who have a low evaluation of their own abilities and qualities. The formation of inferiority is often not due to differences in cognition, but to differences in sensation.

　　Congenital metatarsus adductus deformity is clinically divided into three types, as follows:

　　1. First type

　　The first type is the most common, with the forefoot adducted, inverted, and supinated, and a high longitudinal arch. The outer edge of the foot is convex, and the inner edge is concave. The heel is in a neutral position or slightly varus. The gap between the big toe and the second toe is widened. The toe has a greater degree of independent movement, indicating a regression phenomenon.

　　2. Second type

　　The second type is a deformity foot after conservative treatment. Some deformities of the patient have been corrected, but some residual deformities of the forefoot in the talocalcaneal joint are invariance and adduction.

　　3. Type 3

　　The main manifestations are the outward and supinated forefoot, and the adductus of the metatarsal.

　　Congenital metatarsal adductus deformity belongs to congenital malformation. The prevention of congenital malformation is divided into the following aspects:

　　1. Pregnant women should avoid fever and cold in the early stage of pregnancy. High fever causing fetal malformation is also related to the sensitivity of pregnant women to high fever and other factors.

　　2. Pregnant women should avoid getting close to cats and dogs. Infected cats are also a major source of infectious diseases that threaten fetal malformation.

　　3. Pregnant women should avoid wearing heavy makeup every day. Toxic substances such as arsenic, lead, and mercury in cosmetics can affect the normal development of the fetus.

　　4. Pregnant women should avoid prenatal stress. When pregnant women are stressed, adrenal cortical hormones may hinder the fusion of embryonic tissue. If it occurs in the first three months of pregnancy, it will cause fetal malformation.

　　5. Pregnant women should avoid drinking. Alcohol can enter the developing embryo through the placenta and cause serious damage to the fetus.

　　Congenital metatarsal adductus deformity is mostly caused by genetic factors. In the diagnosis, in addition to relying on its clinical manifestations, it also needs to be assisted by auxiliary examinations. The patient's X-ray anteroposterior film can show the metatarsal adductus deformity.

　　Patients with congenital metatarsal adductus deformity should have a light diet, eat more vegetables and fruits, and rationally match the diet. It is appropriate to eat more animal blood, eggs, fish, shrimps, soy products, potatoes, beef, chicken, and beef 'tendon' meat, which are rich in histidine, arginine, nucleic acids, and collagen. Reduce alcohol and coffee, tea and other beverages, and pay attention to avoid passive smoking.

　　In the treatment of congenital metatarsal adductus deformity, manual correction is首选 for the first type of children, which generally has good efficacy. If it is ineffective, surgical treatment is chosen. During manual correction, the doctor pushes the cuboid bone inward with one hand thumb, and holds the forefoot outward and outward with the other hand, and then put on an orthopedic shoe. For severe cases, plaster or brace treatment can be supplemented. For children with severe deformity and type 2 and type 3, non-surgical therapy is difficult to achieve effects, and soft tissue release surgery is needed to correct the deformity. Large children with severe deformity need osteotomy correction surgery.