Prostate cysts

　　Common causes of prostate cysts include:

　　(1) True prostate cysts:The prostate gland is impaired during the period of embryonic development, leading to narrowing of the prostate ducts, causing obstruction, and the gradual retention of contents, thus forming retentional prostate cysts.

　　(2) Congenital cysts:It is due to the abnormal development of the middle renal duct and the middle renal paraureteral duct, with partial expansion of the lumen to form a cyst. Cysts originating from the middle renal paraureteral duct are often located in the posterior midline of the prostate, while those originating from the middle renal duct are located on the sides. This kind of cyst does not originate from the prostate and is often adherent to the posterior wall of the bladder. Its volume can often become very large, causing difficulty in urination by compressing the bladder neck; compressing the rectum can cause anal distension and difficulty in defecation. Congenital prostatic cysts are often accompanied by congenital diseases such as hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and incomplete kidney development.

　　(3) Acquired cysts:It is caused by the hard prostatic stroma, leading to incomplete obstruction of the acini, gradually thickening the acinar epithelium, and eventually forming a retention cyst, which can be located in any part of the prostate or protrude into the bladder neck, with a diameter of 1 to 2 cm.

　　(4) Inflammatory cysts:It is caused by chronic inflammation of the prostate, leading to fibrosis and narrowing of the prostatic ducts, resulting in retention of secretions and the formation of cysts.

　　(5) Parasitic cysts:Caused by parasites, such as hydatid cysts that can cause chronic inflammation of the prostatic ducts and surrounding tissue, or by granuloma formation, gradually forming a cyst. Among the various cysts, retention prostatic cysts are the most common, which can occur in any part of the gland.

　　The complications of prostatic cysts are manifested as urinary obstruction or fecal obstruction, and urinary obstruction often causes acute urinary retention. Prostatic cysts are formed by the obstruction of prostatic ducts or acini and the accumulation of prostatic secretions. The severity of clinical symptoms is related to the size of the cyst. With the increase of cyst fluid, the local or whole gland of the prostate swells, compressing the nearby rectum and urethra, leading to difficulties in defecation and urination. Whether prostatic cysts affect fertility should be determined according to the severity of the condition. Fertility mainly depends on the quality of sperm. If it affects seminal fluid, it will affect fertility.

　　In addition, some complications of prostatic cysts can affect fertility to some extent. Therefore, if a patient has prostatic cysts, they must go to a regular hospital for examination and treatment in a timely manner. There is a close relationship between prostatic cysts and fertility. Prostatic cysts are caused by congenital or acquired reasons in the prostatic glands, resulting in cystic changes.

　　Prostatic cysts can be complicated with infections and calculi. Larger cysts can compress the urethra, causing difficulty in urination, common symptoms include urgency, frequency, difficult urination, thin urinary stream, and urinary retention. When complications such as inflammation occur, they can affect seminal fluid to varying degrees, thereby affecting normal fertility. It is mainly formed by the obstruction of prostatic ducts or acini and the accumulation of prostatic secretions. When symptoms such as urgency, frequency, difficult urination, thin urinary stream, and urinary retention occur, it indicates that the cyst is large and has compressed the ureter. Timely treatment with prostatic cyst puncture is recommended. Because whether it affects fertility depends on the location, size, and judgment of the cyst. Since seminal fluid needs to contain a large amount of prostatic fluid, if the cyst affects the secretion of prostatic fluid, concentration, and the number of lecithin bodies, it will affect the vitality of sperm and thus affect fertility issues.

　　Prostatic cysts can be complicated with infection and calculi. Larger cysts can compress the urethra, causing difficulty in urination. Common symptoms include urgency, frequent urination, effortful urination, thin urine stream, and urinary retention. Congenital prostatic cysts are often accompanied by congenital diseases such as hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and incomplete renal development. When the cyst is large, rectal examination can touch the cyst in the prostate, urethral imaging can show an arcuate indentation in the posterior urethra, and ultrasound and CT can clearly determine its location. Smaller cysts without symptoms may not require treatment, while larger cysts or small cysts with symptoms may be treated surgically. There are many causes of prostatic cysts, but most are caused by congenital cystic changes in the prostate.

　　Common clinical symptoms of prostatic cysts are:

　　1. Urine may be cloudy, and there may be a small amount of secretion in the urethra. If the bladder neck is affected, symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and dysuria may occur, with red blood cells, pus cells, protein, and cystobacteria in the urine. The epididymis is often affected, becoming swollen and hard, with an irregular surface, nodular, slightly tender, and occasionally with spermatocystic nodules along the vas deferens.

　　2. Early symptoms of prostatic cysts are not obvious, and chronic prostatitis symptoms may appear occasionally, such as discomfort and a feeling of descent in the perineum, lower back pain, anal and testicular pain, pain during defecation, pain radiating to the hip, and symptoms gradually worsening.

　　3. In severe cases, there may be pain during ejaculation, blood in semen, decreased seminal fluid, and sexual dysfunction. When the prostatic and seminal cysts are significantly enlarged, they can compress the posterior urethra, bladder, and the end of the ureter, causing urethral stricture, difficulty in urination, or upper urinary tract dilation and hydrops.

　　The main preventive measures for prostatic cysts are:

　　1. Pay attention to personal hygiene, and wash the lower body every night.

　　2. Avoid overexertion and catching a cold. Adjust work and life rhythms, combine work and rest, and avoid excessive fatigue. Add or subtract clothes according to changes in temperature to avoid catching a cold.

　　3. Ensure smooth defecation: defecate at a fixed time each day, and eat more vegetables in daily diet. Consume moderate amounts of fruit and engage in moderate physical activity. Treat constipation promptly if it occurs.

　　4. Maintain a pleasant mood, be optimistic and open-minded, and deal with negative emotions in a timely manner.

　　5. Engage in regular and responsible sexual life, which should not be too frequent, but also not absent. It is advisable to have no fatigue the day after sexual activity. The frequency of reference by age group is as follows: under 30 years old, 2-3 times a week; 31-50 years old, 1-2 times a week; 51-60 years old, 1-3 times a month; over 60 years old, 1 time a month or 2 times every 3 months.

　　6. Do not drink alcohol: even during holidays or occasions where you have to entertain, do not drink alcohol, or only drink a small amount of low-alcohol wine.

　　7. Do not eat spicy and刺激性 foods, please refer to the diet plan we have formulated, arrange for three meals a day, and achieve a balanced diet.

　　8. Drink plenty of water: drink at least 7 cups of water (about 2000 milliliters) every day, drink a glass of water (70 milliliters) when you wake up in the morning. If you drink 'One-line Waterfall' tea, it is more suitable for middle-aged and elderly people with poor urination.

　　9. Moderate exercise: Achieve the 'Five Three Seven', five: exercise at least 5 times a week, three: exercise for more than 30 minutes each time, seven: after each exercise, the actual heart rate plus age should reach 170 beats per minute. The prevention of prostatic cysts is very important, and men should follow the above points to prevent prostatic cysts.

　　1. Cystoscopy can show semicircular or pedunculated transparent masses, 1-2 cm in diameter, protruding from the neck of the bladder. Most are acquired cysts.

　　2. X-ray examination

　　(1) Intravenous urography: Abnormalities of the urinary system can be found, such as renal hypoplasia.

　　(2) Urethrogram: The cyst does not communicate with the urethra and does not show up, no abnormalities found.

　　3. B-ultrasound examination: Circular or elliptical areas with smooth inner walls, clear edges, and no internal echoes can be found in the prostate area. Transrectal ultrasound shows a clear, round, echo-free area extending upwards from the central part of the prostate,呈teardrop-shaped, connected to the acropodium by a small pedicle.

　　4. CT examination: Large prostatic cysts and Müllerian duct cysts are located in the posterior median part of the prostate, are round, well-defined cystic lesions, and have a watery density.

　　5. If the cyst is large, the cyst fluid can be aspirated through rectal or perineal puncture. The acquired cyst is clear and mucoid, and may also be dark brown or bloody, containing sperm in the cyst fluid.

　　The suitable foods for patients with prostatic cysts are:

　　1, Kelp: A marine product. Salty in taste and cold in nature. It has the functions of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, softening hard masses, and resolving phlegm.

　　2, Onion: Pungent and sweet in taste and neutral in nature. It has the functions of clearing heat, detoxifying, diuretic, and resolving phlegm. It can prevent the enlargement of paraurethral glands.

　　3, Cucumber: Sweet in taste and cold in nature. It has the functions of clearing heat, quenching thirst, promoting diuresis, and detoxifying. It can be consumed regularly by those with symptoms such as hot,涩, red, and painful urination.

　　4, Chinese cabbage: Sweet in taste and slightly cold in nature. It has the functions of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, detoxifying, and nourishing the stomach. It is very good for patients with chronic prostatic cysts.

　　5, Pumpkin seeds: Sweet in taste and warm in nature. It has the functions of replenishing the spleen, promoting diuresis, detoxifying, and killing parasites. It is particularly suitable for patients with prostatic cysts and difficulty in urination when consumed after being cooked.

　　6, Luffa: Sweet in taste and cool in nature. It has the functions of clearing heat, cooling blood, resolving blood stasis, and detoxifying. It can be eaten by those with symptoms such as hematuria or blood in urine due to damp-heat injury to the meridians.

　　7, Winter melon: Sweet and slightly cold in nature, it has the functions of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, detoxifying and producing fluid. This product promotes diuresis without damaging the Yin, and is a commonly used and excellent product for patients with prostatic cysts, chronic prostatitis, and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

　　Dietary taboos for patients with prostatic cysts:

　　1. Absolutely avoid alcohol drinking, as it can cause congestion and edema of the prostate and neck of the bladder, leading to urinary retention.

　　2. Reduce the intake of spicy and刺激性 foods, as they can cause congestion in the sexual organs and exacerbate symptoms of hemorrhoids, constipation, and compression of the prostate, thereby increasing the difficulty in urination.

　　The conventional methods of Western medicine for treating prostatic cysts include medication, drainage puncture, and physical therapy. First, antipyretic and analgesic drugs, including oral or intramuscular injection, are administered, and fluids are supplemented if necessary to alleviate symptoms. Sensitive antibiotics are chosen based on the results of bacterial culture to eliminate or inhibit pathogenic bacteria. Broad-spectrum antibiotics can be used as a first choice if there is no time or the ability to perform bacterial culture. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are drugs that have some efficacy against most bacteria, such as cephalosporins and quinolones. Specifically, drugs such as ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor, Cefadroxil, and Ciprofloxacin are good drugs. Patients who can eat should preferably use oral medications, and intravenous or intramuscular injection routes should be used for administration if necessary. For patients with significant urinary pain, antispasmodic agents such as belladonna, Probenecid, and Uroflex can be used, as well as some sedatives such as Valium, which can be taken orally or by injection to alleviate symptoms.

　　For cysts near the urethra and bladder or protruding into the bladder, surgical resection through the bladder or transurethral electroresection is used to remove most of the cystic top to ensure adequate drainage. YEUNG first reported the use of laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of prostatic cysts in 2001, with good results. Laparoscopic resection of prostatic cysts has the advantages of clear tissue exposure, short operation time, less damage to pelvic tissues, minimal trauma, no fistula, and less bleeding, and is the preferred method for treating prostatic cysts that protrude posteriorly to the urethra and the neck of the bladder. For cysts near the urethra or protruding into the bladder, transurethral electroresection of the cyst is the best surgical approach. However, for young patients, preserving the acroposterior process is crucial for normal ejaculation.

　　When the patient has persistent high fever that does not subside, no obvious improvement in urinary tract symptoms, purulent discharge from the urethra, and difficulty in defecation, it should be considered that there may be a prostatic cyst. After confirming the diagnosis with B-ultrasound or other examinations, perform incision and drainage or puncture and drainage treatment. Only after the abscess is completely eliminated will the above symptoms subside.