Cholesterol gallbladder sludge (cholesterolosis of gallbladder) is a special type of chronic cholecystitis. Due to the deposition of a large number of cholesterol ester granules in the basal membrane of the gallbladder mucosal epithelial cells, many yellow small nodules are formed, resembling strawberries in appearance and also known as strawberry gallbladder.
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Cholesterol gallbladder sludge
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1. What are the causes of the onset of cholesterol gallbladder sludge
2. What complications are easily caused by cholesterol gallbladder sludge
3. What are the typical symptoms of cholesterol gallbladder sludge
4. How to prevent cholesterol gallbladder sludge
5. What laboratory tests are needed for cholesterol gallbladder sludge
6. Dietary preferences and taboos for patients with cholesterol gallbladder sludge
7. Conventional methods of Western medicine for the treatment of cholesterol gallbladder sludge
1. What are the causes of the onset of cholesterol gallbladder sludge
The formation cause of cholesterol gallbladder sludge is not yet clear. It may be due to the stimulation of high concentrations of cholesterol in bile and the phagocytosis of cholesterol crystals by macrophages on the gallbladder mucosa, gradually forming yellow polypoid lesions, which accumulate or protrude from the mucosal surface. Alternatively, it may be due to the enhanced activity of acetyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in gallbladder mucosal cells, leading to an increase in the synthesis of cholesterol esters.
2. What complications are easily caused by cholesterol gallbladder sludge
Complications of cholesterol gallbladder sludge:
Some may be accompanied by gallstones or abnormal liver function. Polyps located at the gallbladder neck can block the cystic duct, causing acute cholecystitis. Occasionally, polyps may fall off and become impacted in the ampulla, causing an attack of pancreatitis.
The gallstones caused by cholesterol gallbladder sludge are generally cholesterol stones, which are formed on the basis of an imbalance in the proportion of cholesterol, bile acids, lecithin, and other components in bile, leading to an oversaturation of cholesterol in bile and causing crystallization, precipitation, aggregation, and the formation of stones.
3. What are the typical symptoms of cholesterol gallbladder sludge
Cholesterol gallbladder sludge has an equal incidence in men and women. Most patients are asymptomatic or have symptoms similar to chronic cholecystitis, such as discomfort or pain in the upper right abdomen, indigestion, etc. Occasionally, there may be mild tenderness in the upper right abdomen. Some may have gallstones or abnormal liver function. Polyps located at the gallbladder neck can block the cystic duct, causing acute cholecystitis. Occasionally, polyps may fall off and become impacted in the ampulla, causing an attack of pancreatitis. Long-term follow-up shows that the disease generally does not lead to cancer.
4. How to prevent cholesterol gallbladder sludge
The preventive methods for cholesterol gallbladder sludge: Cholesterol gallbladder sludge is prevalent in middle-aged and elderly groups mainly due to obesity, lack of regular exercise, relatively slow metabolism, and gradual weakening of the control of biliary nerve function and the contraction of the gallbladder and bile ducts. Therefore, cholesterol and bile pigments in bile are prone to accumulate and form stones. A few middle-aged and elderly women have an increased risk of gallstones due to the direct effect of estrogen on liver enzymes, which alters the composition of bile secreted by liver cells.
5. What laboratory tests are needed for gallbladder cholesterol沉着症
Laboratory examination of gallbladder cholesterol沉着症:
1. Oral gallbladder contrast imaging shows filling defects in the gallbladder, close to the gallbladder wall, not changing with the position, the gallbladder function is often normal.
2. The abdominal CT scan has a wide regular scanning interval, which is easy to miss the diagnosis, so it is not listed as a routine examination, and is mainly used for differentiation from gallbladder cancer, at this time, dense-layer scanning is required.
3. The echo characteristics of endoscopic ultrasound for cholesterol polyps are extremely fine small hyperechoic spots or clusters of hyperechoic spots, with or without shadowless areas, while the ultrasound image of gallbladder adenomyomatosis and adenoma or adenocarcinoma shows hyperechoic masses, multiple microcysts or comet tail signs.
4. The typical ultrasound image of B-ultrasound is a papillary or spherical hyperechoic light mass on the gallbladder wall, without shadow, the light mass does not change with the position, some lesions have a thin pedicle connected to the gallbladder wall, can be solitary, often multiple, diameter is generally about 5mm, generally not more than 10mm, some cases coexist with gallstones, can be accompanied by shadow, the diagnosis rate of B-ultrasound can reach more than 90%.
6. Dietary recommendations for gallbladder cholesterol沉着症 patients
Dietary注意事项 for gallbladder cholesterol沉着症: Avoid fried and spicy刺激性 foods, such as chili, onions, and raw garlic. Patients' diets should be light and easy to digest, with an emphasis on eating more vegetables and fruits, a reasonable diet, and ensuring adequate nutrition. In addition, patients should also pay attention to avoiding spicy, greasy, and cold foods.
7. Conventional methods of Western medicine for treating gallbladder cholesterol沉着症
The treatment plan for gallbladder cholesterol沉着症 includes:
General Treatment Methods:Since most patients with this disease have no special symptoms and generally do not undergo canceration, a few patients' polyps can fall off and be excreted from the body, so no special treatment is required. Pay attention to low-fat and light diet, avoid overeating and excessive drinking. Gallbladder drugs such as ursodeoxycholic acid have no obvious effect on polyps. However, it is necessary to observe dynamically and regularly perform B-ultrasound examinations to avoid misdiagnosis.
Surgical Treatment:Gallbladder切除术(Note: Chronic cases should be properly prepared before surgery: correct anemia, improve nutritional status, and adopt high-sugar, high-protein, and high-vitamin liver-protective treatment. Prepare 300-500ml of blood for surgery).
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