Η ασθένεια της πίεσης του κύριου συνδέσμου του γαστρογλείφου

　　Due to the fixed and non-movable position of the peroneal nerve around the neck of the fibula, located beneath the skin, and the deep surface being the tough fibula, it is most prone to entrapment at this location. The causes of peroneal nerve entrapment syndrome are usually as follows:

　　1Trauma:It is the most common, often seen in fractures of the head and neck of the fibula, fractures of the lateral tibial plateau, foot inversion injury, and lateral soft tissue injury of the popliteal fossa.

　　2Chronic injury:They are more common in long-term squatting, sitting cross-legged, kneeling, and foot inversion deformities, which can cause the fibularis longus muscle to become overly tense, leading to entrapment of the peroneal nerve by the tendinous tissue at its origin.

　　3Iatrogenic factors:In clinical practice, it is also common, such as plaster and splint compression.

　　4Tumors:Tumors at the head and neck of the fibula, such as giant cell tumors, chondroma, hemangiomas, as well as tendinous cysts at the origin of the biceps femoris tendon and the long head of the fibular muscle.

　　5Other:Unexplained compression

　　Peroneal nerve entrapment syndrome can directly cause the muscles innervated by the peroneal nerve to exhibit weakness, numbness, and tingling. Due to the long-term loss of neural nutrition to the muscles, it can cause atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle. In addition, the peroneal nerve usually has two branches, the lateral branch and the medial branch, which can cause corresponding changes in the foot according to the severity of the injury. Lateral branch injury can cause foot inversion, and medial branch injury can lead to "clubfoot".

　　Patients with chronic injury of peroneal nerve entrapment syndrome initially complain of pain on the lateral side of the lower leg, which worsens during walking and improves after rest. Subsequently, they may experience soreness, weakness, and fatigue in the lower leg, with a decrease or disappearance of sensation on the lateral side of the lower leg and sole. Paralysis of the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, and varying degrees of paralysis of the fibularis brevis muscles can cause foot drop and mild inversion.

　　In patients with complete injury caused by peroneal nerve entrapment, foot drop can be observed. When walking, they exhibit a stepping gait, with sensory disturbances in the lateral lower leg and sole, as well as difficulties in extending the thumb, toe, dorsiflexion of the foot, and inversion/eversion of the foot. Atrophy of the anterior and lateral muscle group of the lower leg can also occur.

　　Peroneal nerve entrapment syndrome is usually caused by trauma, iatrogenic injury, tumor compression, and other reasons, and is mainly prevented according to the etiology. High-risk workers, such as construction workers and miners, are prone to injury and should pay attention to protecting themselves during work. Remain calm when facing issues and avoid emotional excitement leading to conflict and the disease. Medical workers should improve their surgical skills and pay attention to protecting the peroneal nerve during the external fixation and surgery of the patella and fibula fractures.

　　腓总神经卡压症的诊断除了依靠临床和体征外，通过肌电图可了解损伤的部位及程度，同时可排除其他疾病。本病进行膝关节X线片可发现骨骼的病变。

　　腓总神经卡压症患者宜多吃菠菜、油（油食品）菜、荠菜、冬瓜、竹笋、苦瓜、鲜藕、芹菜、黄花菜、小麦、桑葚、梨、桃、葵花子、绿豆、龙眼、鸡蛋、羊肉、鸭肉、乌骨鸡、蜂蜜（蜂蜜食品），粳米、糯米、小米、黄豆及制品、大麦、胡萝卜、南瓜、西红柿、奶类、人参（人参食品）、鲤鱼、桂鱼、猪肝、猪肚、牛肉、羊心、兔肉、鸽蛋，糯米、红枣、百合、酸枣仁、枸杞子、银耳、鹅肉、猪肺、猪胰、冬瓜、苦瓜、茄子、鲫鱼等。
　　患者还要注意忌长期食用止痛片。此病的食疗方有五味子鸽蛋：
　　五味子50克煎汁，鸽蛋30枚，煮熟去壳后放入五味子汁中略煮，然后浸泡在汁中2天。每次吃鸽蛋3枚，一日1―2次，每次食前需加热煮沸。一般连服2周左右。

　　腓总神经卡压症保守治疗时应用消炎镇痛药物，局部封闭，矫正支具固定踝关节于外翻位，同时辅以电刺激及神经营养药物治疗。对外在压迫因素解除后观察1个月神经功能无恢复及保守治疗无效者，应及早手术治疗。此病还可行腓总神经探查松解术，如腓总神经已完全变性、纤维化，则需行病变段神经切除神经移植术。对晚期患者，如踝关节功能正常，无骨性改变，可行肌腱移植术，如胫骨后肌代趾长伸肌。若踝关节已有骨性改变，则需行骨性手术，如三关节融合术。