Chronic antral gastritis

　　Helicobacter pylori infection: It is the cause of chronic antral gastritis, and chronic antral gastritis is closely related to peptic ulcer. Most patients with peptic ulcer have concurrent chronic antral gastritis.

　　The lesions of chronic antral gastritis are mostly limited to the mucosal muscle layer, and can also spread to the muscularis and serosa. Chronic antral gastritis rarely exists alone and is often accompanied by peptic ulcer or gastric cancer, as antral gastritis is closely related to atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer, which should be highly valued by us.

　　Long-term smoking can also cause excessive secretion of gastric acid; it can lead to bile reflux into the stomach, thereby damaging the gastric mucosa; alcohol can stimulate the secretion of gastric acid and has a direct damaging effect on the gastric mucosa.

　　4. Irregular diet: Both overeating and irregular diet can affect the digestive function of the stomach, causing indigestion and malnutrition. Malnutrition can weaken the protective function of the gastric mucosa.

　　Chronic antral gastritis is related to psychological factors. Mood swings or fear and tension can exacerbate symptoms. Symptoms are also prone to occur when the parasympathetic nervous system is excited. Some patients with antral gastritis have symptoms similar to those of duodenal bulb ulcers, and chronic antral gastritis is easily misdiagnosed as antral gastritis. A gastroscopy is required to distinguish between the two.

　　Most cases of chronic antral gastritis occur in males over 30 years old. The main symptoms of chronic antral gastritis include decreased appetite, anorexia, persistent abdominal pain, and anemia due to bleeding. The lesions of chronic antral gastritis are mostly limited to the mucosal muscular layer and can also spread to the muscular and serosal layers. Under the microscope, the antral mucosa appears edematous, congested, with inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous tissue proliferation, with the submucosal layer being the most obvious.

　　Chronic antral gastritis is a very common gastrointestinal disease. Antral gastritis should not be overlooked. It is important to go to a professional hospital for examination and diagnosis in a timely manner, understand one's own condition, and receive treatment. Many patients with chronic antral gastritis are not aware of the complications of antral gastritis and only regret it when they develop gastric cancer later on.

　　The four major complications of chronic antral gastritis

　　Chronic antral gastritis is more common in males over 30 years old. There is a sense of distension in the upper abdomen, and the disease is closely related to psychological factors. Mood swings, anger, mental stress, or anxiety about cancer can exacerbate symptoms.

　　Chronic antral gastritis is a chronic inflammation occurring in the antrum of the stomach and can generally be divided into superficial and atrophic types. Through years of observation and research, it has been found that there is a close relationship between gastric cancer and atrophic antrum, and antral gastritis. Many scholars have reported that the cancer incidence rate in patients with atrophic gastritis is about 10%, and the risk of canceration in atrophic antral gastritis is 20 times higher than that in normal individuals. In China, investigations in high and low incidence areas of gastric cancer have found that the incidence of atrophic gastritis is significantly higher in high incidence areas of gastric cancer. Regarding the mechanism of atrophic antral gastritis transforming into gastric cancer.

　　Chronic antral gastritis is closely related to psychological factors. Mood swings or fear and tension can exacerbate symptoms. Symptoms are also prone to occur when the parasympathetic nervous system is excited. Some patients with antral gastritis have symptoms similar to those of duodenal bulb ulcers, and chronic antral gastritis is easily misdiagnosed as antral cancer. A gastroscopy is required to distinguish between the two.

　　Many scholars have reported that the cancer incidence rate in patients with atrophic gastritis is about 10%, and the risk of canceration in atrophic antral gastritis is 20 times higher than that in normal individuals. In China, investigations in high and low incidence areas of gastric cancer have found that the incidence of atrophic gastritis is significantly higher in high incidence areas of gastric cancer. Regarding the mechanism of atrophic antral gastritis transforming into gastric cancer.

　　There is a sense of distension, dull pain, or severe pain in the upper abdomen, which often occurs in a periodic manner, and may be accompanied by belching, acid regurgitation, burning sensation in the upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and in a few cases, bleeding. Some individuals may have no symptoms. The disease is closely related to psychological factors, and mood swings, anger, mental stress, or anxiety about cancer can exacerbate symptoms. Chronic antral gastritis is more common in males over 30 years old. This is one of its characteristics.

　　The lesions of chronic antral gastritis are mainly localized in the mucosal and muscular layers, but can also spread to the muscular and serosal layers. The gastric antrum mucosa shows edema, congestion, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and proliferation of fibrous tissue, with the mucosal sublayer being the most prominent.

　　Specific symptoms of chronic antral gastritis

　　1. Abdominal distension and pain Chronic antral gastritis is more common in males over 30 years old, presenting with a sense of distension and pain in the upper abdomen, or with hidden or severe pain, often presenting in a periodic manner, accompanied by belching, acid regurgitation, burning sensation in the upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and in some cases, bleeding. Some may be asymptomatic. This disease is closely related to mental factors, and emotional fluctuations, anger, stress, or fear of malignancy can exacerbate symptoms.

　　2. Inducing gastric malignancy Chronic antral gastritis is a chronic inflammatory disease occurring in the antrum of the stomach, which can generally be divided into superficial and atrophic types. Observational studies have found that there is a close relationship between gastric malignancy and atrophic antral gastritis, as well as between antral gastritis. The risk of malignancy in atrophic antral gastritis is 20 times higher than that in normal people, and the incidence of atrophic gastritis is significantly higher in areas with a high incidence of gastric malignancy.

　　3. Leading to mental disorder There is a close relationship between chronic antral gastritis and mental factors. Emotional fluctuations or fear and tension can exacerbate symptoms. Symptoms are also prone to occur when the parasympathetic nervous system is excited.

　　① It is advisable to avoid eating hard, spicy, salty, hot, rough, and strongly stimulating foods. The diet should be moderate and regular, with meals at fixed times and in appropriate quantities, eating less and more frequently, chewing slowly, and mixing food thoroughly with saliva to avoid overeating. Foods should be selected that are rich in nutrition, easy to digest, and soft, with an emphasis on foods high in plant proteins and vitamins.

　　② It is advisable to avoid drugs such as aspirin, acetaminophen, phenylbutazone, indole derivatives, tetracycline, erythromycin, prednisone, especially during the active phase of chronic gastritis.

　　③ Those with insufficient gastric acid should avoid diluting gastric juice. It is advisable to add vinegar, lemon juice, and acidic flavorings to the diet, eat less indigestible and gas-producing foods, and drink less after meals.

　　④ Those with excessive gastric acid should avoid eating foods that can stimulate the secretion of gastric acid, such as strong spices, alcohol, acidulants, etc.

　　⑤ Abstain from smoking and alcohol. After smoking, nicotine can stimulate the gastric mucosa, causing an increase in gastric acid secretion and harmful stimulation to the gastric mucosa. Excessive smoking can lead to dysfunction of the pyloric sphincter, causing bile reflux, damaging the gastric mucosa, and affecting the blood supply to the gastric mucosa as well as the repair and regeneration of gastric mucosal cells, so it is necessary to quit smoking. Alcohol can directly destroy the gastric mucosal barrier, allowing H+ in the gastric cavity to enter the gastric mucosa, causing congestion, edema, and erosion of the mucosa.

　　⑥ Mental tension is a promoting factor for chronic antral gastritis and should be avoided. Anxiety and impatience in mood are prone to cause disorders of the gastric mucosa and functional disorders of the stomach. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid emotional stress responses as much as possible and relieve tension. In daily life, one should not be angry when faced with things, not be anxious in the midst of things, not be worried in a hurry, and maintain a comfortable mood, which is very beneficial for the recovery of gastritis.
　　⑦ Avoid irregular life and overwork. Pay attention to appropriate rest and exercise. Physical exercise can promote peristalsis and emptying of the gastrointestinal tract, enhance the secretory function of the gastrointestinal tract, improve digestion, and help the recovery of chronic antral gastritis.

　　⑧ Having chronic liver disease, diabetes, biliary tract disease can reduce the local defensive function of the gastric mucosa, cause gastric dysfunction, and develop gastritis. In addition, the sputum caused by tonsillitis, sinusitis, caries infection, etc., often reduces the barrier function of the gastric mucosa and induces gastritis.

　　Imaging manifestations of antral gastritis:

　　The antrum is irritable, manifested as the prepyloric area often being in a semi-contracted state, unable to expand like a sac when the peristaltic wave is approaching, but can shrink to a linear state in the gastric cavity.

　　The mucosal ridges become thicker and disordered, and can be as wide as about 1 cm. The mucosal ridges of the antrum are mostly transverse, and the contour of the gastric wall is regular and serrated, with the edges of the serrations very smooth.

　　When the lesion develops to the muscular layer, it often manifests as concentric narrowing of the antrum, with a relatively fixed shape, which can generally contract to a very thin state, but cannot dilate, and gradually transitions or has a clear boundary with the normal segment. The narrowed segment can show mucosal ridges, most of which are longitudinal.

　　The principle is to adjust the various functions of the stomach and develop good eating and living habits

　　Chew food slowly while eating to ensure that it is fully mixed with digestive juices.

　　Diet should be light, with little stimulation, and dinner should not be too full. Wait until the food is digested before going to bed. Otherwise, it will increase discomfort in the stomach.

　　Avoid eating hard and indigestible foods

　　In terms of diet and nourishment, the principle during hot weather is to clear and nourish, invigorate the spleen, and eliminate summer heat and dampness. Foods that are greasy, sweet, thick, and hot should not be eaten, and foods with a light, nourishing, and yin-cooling effect should be chosen.

　　Sweet and cool, moistening foods: wheat, sorghum, highland barley, tofu, white adzuki beans, black sesame seeds, potatoes, cabbage, lettuce, asparagus, spinach, winter melon, watermelon, etc. Foods for invigorating the spleen and stomach, nourishing yin and replenishing qi: spinach, lotus root, bamboo shoots, tomatoes, carrots, eggs, apples, milk, grapes, lotus seeds, mulberries, clams, goose meat, bluefish, crucian carp, silver carp, wheat flour, etc.

　　Food for eliminating summer heat, promoting diuresis, and clearing heat and detoxifying: mung beans, broad beans, adzuki beans, soybeans, raw radish, eggplant, cabbage, celery, water chestnuts, Job's tears, cucumber, watermelon, winter melon, luffa, cucumber, melon, bitter melon, chrysanthemum, lotus leaf, tea water, and more.

　　The alkaloids contained in bitter foods have pharmacological effects such as cooling the body, promoting blood circulation, dilating blood vessels, and more. Eating bitter foods appropriately during hot weather can not only calm the mind and relieve irritability, but also enhance appetite and benefit the spleen and stomach. Bitter melon: Use its unripe young fruit as vegetables, the ripe fruit pulp can be eaten raw, it can be eaten cold or cooked with meat or fish, it is fresh and delicious, with a unique flavor. Bitter melon has the effects of increasing appetite, aiding digestion, dispelling heat, relieving fatigue, and clearing the mind and eyes. In addition, bitter herbs, tea, coffee, and other bitter foods can also be selected according to circumstances. It should be noted that eating bitter foods should not be excessive, otherwise it may cause symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.

　　Treating chronic antral gastritis cannot rely on a single method, but should adopt a comprehensive approach of eliminating causes and symptomatic treatment.

　　(1) Eliminate Causes: The most common cause of chronic antral gastritis is poor lifestyle and dietary habits. Such as eating too fast, not chewing enough, liking to eat cold or hot food, eating too much, irregular eating times, often eating spicy and sour foods, or drinking strong tea and coffee. Over-tension, over-fatigue, or irregular lifestyle can all cause gastric motility and acid secretion disorders, leading to mucosal nutritional disorders, weakened resistance, and the formation of antral gastritis. Regularly drinking alcohol and over-smoking can stimulate the gastric mucosa and lead to antral gastritis. To cure antral gastritis, it is necessary to eliminate these causes.

　　(2) Symptomatic Treatment: Some mild superficial antral gastritis patients do not need medication, as long as they pay attention to preventing the above causes, antral gastritis can be cured without treatment.

　　Patients with moderate to severe chronic antral gastritis must adhere to long-term medication. For antral gastritis, general symptomatic treatment is adopted, such as sedation, antispasmodics, antacids, and pain relief. For those who are emotionally tense, a small amount of sedative can be used; for those with belching, nausea, and bloating (i.e., gastric emptying disorders), 10 mg of Metoclopramide can be taken orally 2-3 times a day, or 20 mg of Domperidone can be taken orally 2-3 times a day. Attention should be paid to the side effects (extrapyramidal reactions) of Metoclopramide. Also, 0.67 grams of Maizilin-S can be taken 3 times a day for 6-8 weeks. If there are symptoms of abdominal pain with acid regurgitation, 400 mg of Tagamet can be added at bedtime, taken once a day for a month. If Helicobacter pylori infection is present, 2 tablets of Denol can be taken 3 times a day for 4-6 weeks, or 1 packet of Dilu (or Delu) syrup can be taken 3 times a day. To prevent bismuth poisoning, the duration of taking Dilu or Delu should not exceed 6 weeks.