Scapular body fractures

　　1. Etiology

　　Mostly caused by strong direct violence or firearm injuries.

　　2. Pathogenesis

　　Scapular body fractures are mainly caused by direct violence or firearm injuries, such as heavy objects or firearm injuries directly damaging the scapular body. They are mostly comminuted fractures, sometimes transverse or oblique fractures. Due to the protection of muscles on both sides of the scapula, there is often no obvious fracture displacement, but attention should be paid to the possibility of rib fractures or chest organ injuries.

　　Complications include:

　　1. Limited abduction of the shoulder joint, common in scapular neck fractures, mainly due to injury and adhesion of the deltoid muscle.

　　1. Traumatic arthritis, seen in glenoid fossa and margin fractures.

　　2. Rotator cuff injury, which will directly affect the stability of the shoulder joint, emphasizes the need to reconstruct rotator cuff function while复位 and fixation of the fracture.

　　4. Pathological ossification occurs in severe soft tissue injuries with hematoma formation or heavy joint stripping during surgery.

　　5. Humeral head acromial impingement syndrome, caused by malunion of the acromial fracture.

　　6. Vascular and nerve injuries, although not common in simple scapular fractures, can be easily involved during surgery. If the lateral margin needs to be exposed, the space between the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles should be separated, and attention should be paid to the two groups of neurovascular bundles. The suprascapular nerve passes through the superior scapular notch, while the axillary nerve and vessels circumvent the humeral neck; the plate should not be overly long, as it may compress or abrade the suprascapular nerve when侵入 the glenoid notch. When the muscle insertion points are cut on the medial side, care should be taken not to damage the deep scapular dorsal nerve behind the rhomboid muscles.

　　1. Pain

　　Limited to the scapular region, particularly pronounced during shoulder joint movement, the site of tenderness often coincides with the fracture line.

　　2. Swelling

　　The degree of swelling is determined by the type of fracture, with comminuted fractures showing more bleeding and obvious swelling, sometimes with ecchymosis under the skin. Fractures with a crack pattern generally do not show swelling.

　　3. Limited Joint Mobility

　　The range of motion of the affected shoulder joint is limited, especially in abduction; accompanied by severe pain and refusal to move.

　　4. Muscle Spasm

　　Including symptoms of persistent contraction-like changes due to fracture and hematoma stimulation of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis muscles, etc.

　　This disease is caused by direct trauma to the scapula, such as falls, falls, or emergency braking while driving. Therefore, attention should be paid to living habits, high-risk workers such as construction workers, miners, and pilots are prone to injury, and protection should be paid attention to during the work process. Stay calm when dealing with things, avoid emotional excitement leading to conflict, and avoid this disease. Secondly, early discovery, early diagnosis, and early treatment are also of great significance for the prevention of this disease.

　　At the time of diagnosis, in addition to relying on its clinical manifestations, it is also necessary to rely on auxiliary examinations. This disease seriously affects the daily life of patients, so it should be actively prevented.

　　What foods should not be eaten for scapular body fractures:

　　1. Avoid eating too much meat bones, avoid overeating sugar.

　　2. Avoid indigestible foods: Avoid eating foods that are easy to cause bloating or indigestion such as yams, taro, glutinous rice, etc., and eat more fruits and vegetables.

　　I. Treatment

　　1. Non-displaced fractures:Generally, non-surgical treatment is adopted, including the use of a sling to fix the affected upper limb, early cold compress or ice pack, and later heat compress and physical therapy, etc. The immobilization time should be 3 weeks, and shoulder joint function activities can be started earlier.

　　2. Displaced fractures:The routine method of Western medicine for treating scapular body fractures is to observe the alignment of the fracture ends by using the abduction or adduction of the upper limb, and most often use an abduction brace or bed traction to fix the limb in an ideal alignment state. Only a few cases require surgical reduction and fixation.

　　II. Prognosis

　　Generally, they are good, even if there is significant displacement and malunion, there is little impact. Surgery should be considered only when there are symptoms caused by malaligned bone compressing the chest.