Glenoid neck and glenoid fossa fractures

　　1. Etiology

　　This type of fracture is often caused by indirect violence.

　　2. Pathogenesis

　　This includes falling and landing on the outer side of the shoulder or palm, with the force transmitted through the humerus to impact the glenoid fossa or neck, causing a fracture; it can also be directly injured by firearm wounds. Most extracapsular glenoid neck fractures are oblique or interlocked, with minimal displacement. Intracapsular glenoid fossa fractures are often partial or comminuted fractures. The glenoid neck is located on the inner side of the glenoid fossa, merging with the root of the scapular spine, and plays a role in maintaining the normal position of the glenoid fossa and transmitting stress. When the glenoid neck fractures and displaces, the normal angle and position of the glenoid fossa change. If the scapula fractures or the fracture heals abnormally, the anterior or posterior tilt angle exceeds the normal range, and the glenohumeral joint may become unstable or dislocated.

　　Most extracapsular glenoid neck fractures are oblique or interlocked, with minimal displacement. Intracapsular glenoid fossa fractures are often partial or comminuted fractures. The glenoid neck is located on the inner side of the glenoid fossa, merging with the root of the scapular spine, and plays a role in maintaining the normal position of the glenoid fossa and transmitting stress. When the glenoid neck fractures and displaces, the normal angle and position of the glenoid fossa change. If the scapula fractures or the fracture heals abnormally, the anterior or posterior tilt angle exceeds the normal range, and the glenohumeral joint may become unstable or dislocated.

　　The glenoid fossa or cervical fracture often appears without obvious deformity, making it easy to miss the diagnosis. Swelling and tenderness in the shoulder and axilla are observed, and pain increases when the shoulder joint is moved. In severe cases with significant displacement, the shoulder may collapse, the acromion may bulge to form a square shoulder deformity, resembling the appearance of shoulder joint dislocation, but the affected limb does not have abduction, adduction, or elastic fixation, and the shoulder joint can still move.

　　This type of fracture is often caused by indirect violence, such as falling, falling, or sudden braking while driving. Therefore, attention should be paid to living habits, high-risk workers such as construction workers, miners, and drivers are prone to injury, and protection should be taken during the work process. Stay calm when dealing with things to avoid emotional excitement leading to conflict and causing the disease. Secondly, early discovery, early diagnosis, and early treatment are also of great significance for preventing the disease.

　　X-ray examination:It can exclude shoulder joint dislocation, make a diagnosis, and CT scanning and CT three-dimensional reconstruction can clearly show scapular neck and scapular fossa fractures, and quantify the displacement of the fracture fragments.

　　What foods should not be eaten for scapular neck and scapular fossa fractures:

　　1. Avoid eating too much meat bones, avoid overeating sugar.

　　2. Avoid indigestible foods. Avoid eating yams, taros, glutinous rice, and other easily bloated or indigestible foods, and eat more fruits and vegetables.

　　1. Treatment

　　Generally, there is no obvious displacement or slight displacement of the scapular neck fracture, which does not require manual reduction. The injured limb can be suspended with a triangular bandage and the function of the injured limb should be exercised as soon as possible. Severe displacement of the scapular neck fracture can be reduced under local anesthesia and traction, then fixed with an abduction brace for 4 weeks; or the patient can be bed-bound with traction, the injured limb abducted and externally rotated 70°, traction weight 2.5-4kg, striving to achieve reduction of the fracture ends within 2-3 days, and then continue traction for 3-4 weeks after that, switch to suspending the injured limb with a triangular bandage and exercising the function of the injured limb; if manual reduction or traction is ineffective, and the displacement of the scapular neck and scapular fossa fractures is obvious, surgical treatment can be considered.

　　2. Prognosis

　　Generally good, but joint surface recovery is poor, affecting joint movement, and most often requires surgical or other remedial measures.