Fetal hydrops

　　1) Immune edema refers to immune hemolysis in the fetus or newborn caused by incompatibility between the blood types of the pregnant woman and the fetus, which is a type of allogeneic blood type immune disease. It is mainly caused by ABO blood type and Rh blood type incompatibility.

　　1) Rh blood type incompatibility, mainly occurs when the mother's blood type is Rh negative and the fetus's blood type is Rh positive. Rh blood type is divided into Rh positive and Rh negative. Most people are Rh positive. When the mother's blood type is Rh negative and the fetus's blood type is Rh positive, the fetus's blood is considered a foreign body to the mother's blood, and antibodies against the fetus's blood will be produced, leading to the gradual destruction of the fetus's red blood cells.

　　2) ABO blood type incompatibility. When a woman with blood type O marries a man with blood type other than O and becomes pregnant, some may cause ABO blood type incompatibility. However, compared with Rh blood type incompatibility, very few newborns suffer from severe jaundice.

　　Common causes of non-immune edema include:

　　1) Cardiovascular malformations and cardiac dysfunction, vascular malformations are a group of abnormal mature vessels with certain occupancy properties, and their main harm is mainly due to rupture and hemorrhage, or vascular thrombosis.

　　2) Fetal lung malformation.

　　3) Abnormal placenta.

　　4) Blood-related causes (such as thalassemia). It mainly occurs when both parents have thalassemia.

　　5) Chromosomal abnormalities, also known as chromosomal dysgenesis, refer to the abnormal number and structural deformation of chromosomes. Chromosomes are composed of DNA and proteins, with most genes located in the DNA of chromosomes. Chromosomes are the basic substances that make up the nucleus of the cell and are the carriers of genes. Chinese-American Jiang Youxing (1956) found that human chromosomes are 46 in number, and Caspersson et al. (1970) first published photographs of human chromosomes with banding. Since the Paris International Chromosome Nomenclature Conference in 1971, more than 3000 types of chromosomal abnormalities and structural deformities have been discovered in humans, and more than 100 chromosomal disease syndromes have been confirmed so far. Intellectual disability and growth and development retardation are common characteristics of chromosomal diseases.

　　6) Intrauterine infection with bacteria and viruses (such as parvovirus, streptococcus, spirochete, cytomegalovirus, enterovirus, toxoplasma, etc.).

　　In addition to its clinical manifestations, fetal hydrops can also cause other diseases. Fetal hydrops mainly causes some symptoms in pregnant women, such as pregnancy-induced hypertension, postpartum hemorrhage, and other serious complications.

　　Fetal hydrops has the following symptoms:

　　Fetal hydrops usually appears at 24.9+(-)6.3 weeks of pregnancy;

　　Fetal skin thickness >= 5mm;

　　Peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial effusion;

　　Enlarged liver and spleen; there are many reasons for liver and spleen enlargement, among which chronic anemia patients may be one of the causes. Mild liver and spleen enlargement may also occur in the early stage of acute hepatitis, but the liver and spleen usually return to normal during the recovery period. However, if combined with hemolytic anemia, it may continue to swell.

　　Enlarged and thick placenta;

　　Increased amniotic fluid volume

　　Pregnant Women's Health and Nutrition The health of the fetus completely depends on the mother's health and nutritional status, so it is first necessary to take good care of pregnant women, ensure adequate nutrition, prevent anemia, hypocalcemia, hypoproteinemia, and other conditions, prevent deficiencies of vitamin E, iron, iodine, and other nutrients, and prevent congenital hypothyroidism and other diseases in the fetus, and prevent edema in the fetus and newborns. At the same time, avoid various infections, such as viral infections in the early stages of pregnancy, which often cause congenital heart disease, etc. Good pregnant women's health care and the prevention of premature birth can prevent various neonatal diseases, such as neonatal hypothermia, etc.

　　Regular prenatal check-ups, ultrasound,畸形screening, and chromosome examination for pregnant women with high-risk factors, etc., help to detect fetal hydrops early, some of which can be treated with intrauterine blood transfusion due to immunological fetal hydrops, and some can terminate pregnancy early due to fetal malformation to avoid adverse consequences.

　　Ultrasound provides the most reliable and direct method. Under ultrasound, a large amount of fluid can be seen to accumulate in the chest and abdomen of the fetus, with an increased heart-to-thorax ratio, liver enlargement, thickening of the fetal scalp, various parts of the skin, and subcutaneous soft tissue, placenta enlargement, increased amniotic fluid, and malformations. In addition, we can further clarify the etiology through blood type antibody screening, patient blood tests, chromosome tests, virus detection, etc.

　　Regular prenatal check-ups, ultrasound,畸形screening, and chromosome examination for pregnant women with high-risk factors, etc., help to detect fetal hydrops early, some of which can be treated with intrauterine blood transfusion due to immunological fetal hydrops, and some can terminate pregnancy early due to fetal malformation to avoid adverse consequences. From the perspective of eugenics and birth control, if it occurs early in pregnancy, termination may be considered. Otherwise, medical advice should be sought.

　　Initial diagnosis: Ultrasound scan shows fetal skin thickness >= 5mm or amniotic fluid cavity effusion, placenta enlargement and thickness, fetal liver and spleen enlargement, short and thick fetal limbs, and increased amniotic fluid volume. Etiological diagnosis: Congenital heart defect found through color Doppler ultrasound. Amniotic fluid examination for fetal blood type, blood immunological substances, bilirubin, karyotype or DNA, and hemoglobin electrophoresis, etc.

　　(1) Corn Silk and White茅根Decoction: 50 grams of corn silk and white mugwort each, decocted together, and add an appropriate amount of sugar to serve in several doses. Suitable for Yang water.

　　(2) Red Bean and Job's Tears Soup

　　Ingredients: Red beans, Job's tears, water

　　Method: The famous slimming red bean Job's tears soup, that's right. Wash the red beans and soak in water for about half an hour until the red beans become soft, then remove and boil with Job's tears together, and cook until soft.

　　Effect: Both red beans and Job's tears can help the body expel excess water, but because Job's tears is cool in nature, it is not suitable for women to eat it alone for a long time. When combined with the warm red beans, it will not burden the body. Red beans can build blood, while Job's tears can lighten the skin, not only for weight loss but also for beauty. However, do not overindulge in the taste and add sugar, as sugar can easily lead to weight gain. In daily meals, eat more fruits and vegetables that can reduce swelling and dampness, such as winter melon.

　　(3) Astragalus membranaceus porridge

　　Ingredients: 15 grams of Astragalus membranaceus, rice

　　Method: Wrap in gauze (Astragalus membranaceus water can also be used) and boil with rice together.

　　Effect: Promote defecation, clear heat, and is beneficial for the prevention and treatment of hemorrhoids.

　　(4) Dolichos lablab porridge

　　Ingredients: 100 grams of fresh Dolichos lablab, 100 grams of rice

　　Method: Boil together

　　Effect: Promote defecation, strengthen Qi, and nourish the spleen and stomach.

　　Other ingredients such as yam, lotus root, Job's tears, and Astragalus membranaceus can also be used to make porridge. Porridge with blood-building properties includes: red bean porridge, Polygonum multiflorum porridge, and wolfberry porridge. The Three Treasures Porridge is both Qi and blood-nourishing, made by boiling Job's tears, Dolichos lablab, and red beans together.

　　(5) Quick Edema Porridge

　　Ingredients: 60 grams of Spatholobus suberectus, 60 grams of Allium macrostemon, 35 grams of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, 50 grams of Vigna angularis, 20 grams of Dolichos lablab, 100 grams of rice.

　　Method: Boil with rice, and cook for one hour and thirty minutes on low heat after boiling on high heat.

　　Effect: Promote Yang and Dampness, Strengthen Spleen and Qi, Promote Diuresis and Nourish Stomach.

　　Pregnant Women's Health and Nutrition The health of the fetus completely depends on the mother's health and nutritional status, so it is first necessary to take good care of pregnant women, ensure adequate nutrition, prevent anemia, hypocalcemia, hypoproteinemia, and other conditions, prevent deficiencies of vitamin E, iron, iodine, and other nutrients, and prevent congenital hypothyroidism and other diseases in the fetus, and prevent edema in the fetus and newborns. At the same time, avoid various infections, such as viral infections in the early stages of pregnancy, which often cause congenital heart disease, etc. Good pregnant women's health care and the prevention of premature birth can prevent various neonatal diseases, such as neonatal hypothermia, etc.