网膜炎

　　网膜炎（Omentits）绝大多数是由腹腔内各种炎症引起。常见者如结核性腹膜炎、急性阑尾炎、急性胆囊炎、急性盆腔炎、憩室炎以及各种性质的腹膜炎均可引起大网膜的炎症，严重者后期可形成粘连。这种急性炎症一般随着原发病灶的治愈而逐渐消退。除此之外，尚有原因不明的非特异性坏死性脂肪炎，又称非特异性脂膜炎。

　　网膜炎是一类常见的腹膜感染性疾病，多急性发病。可并发腹腔内组织粘连、坏疽性胆囊炎、阑尾炎穿孔、胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔等疾病。

　　坏疽性胆囊炎是患者在进油腻晚餐后半夜发病，主要表现为右上腹持续性疼痛、阵发性加剧，可向右肩背放射。常伴发热、恶心呕吐，但寒战少见，黄疸轻。腹部检查发现右上腹饱满，胆囊区腹肌紧张、明显压痛、反跳痛。

　　阑尾炎穿孔是指阑尾由于多种因素而形成的炎性改变，当其严重时，形成孔。穿孔大多会形成炎症、畸形、窦道、瘘管等病理改变。阑尾穿孔后，大量细菌就会被腹膜及肠系膜吸收进入血液循环而引起败血症，威胁生命。

　　十二指肠溃疡(duodenalulcer，DU)是常见的慢性疾病之一。十二指肠溃疡是消化性溃疡最常见的类型，发生于十二指肠，即连接胃的头十余厘米小肠肠段。由于多种因素引起的十二指肠黏膜层和肌层的缺损。

　　引起网膜炎的各种炎症疾病表现常较显著，并各具特点。网膜炎主要症状是腹痛，多为慢性腹部持续性或阵发性隐痛不适，可伴有腹胀、食欲不振等消化功能紊乱症状。腹痛多在右侧腹部，粘连发生后可引起痉挛性腹痛、腹胀和恶心等不全梗阻表现，也可有腹内牵拉感。局部可有压痛或触及有压痛而边界不清包块。

　　Early appropriate treatment for abdominal inflammatory diseases that may cause peritonitis is the fundamental measure for preventing peritonitis. Any abdominal surgery, including abdominal puncture, should strictly implement sterile operation. Oral administration of antibacterial drugs before intestinal surgery can reduce the occurrence of omentitis. The most critical factor in removing the cause is to discover abdominal diseases early and treat them in a timely manner.

　　Omentitis is difficult to diagnose, and mild cases are often masked by the primary disease focus. Those with a history of peritonitis, with symptoms such as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal masses, should consider this disease. The examinations that should be done for omentitis include blood routine, abdominal X-ray, abdominal CT, ultrasound, CT, and auxiliary examination X-ray contrast can be normal, and may also show intestinal adhesion.

　　Caused by various inflammatory diseases in the abdominal cavity. Omentitis patients should eat foods with little fiber. In life, avoid excessive drinking and eating, and take measures to alleviate symptoms. In terms of diet, it is advisable to eat foods with anti-inflammatory effects, anti-infection effects, immune function improvement, and diuretic effects. It is advisable to avoid eating spicy foods, tonifying foods, and drying foods.

　　The main symptoms of omentitis are abdominal pain, mostly chronic, persistent or intermittent hidden pain and discomfort, which may be accompanied by abdominal distension, loss of appetite, and other symptoms of disordered digestive function. Treatment can be surgical or non-surgical according to the condition. The purpose of surgery is to clear the infected focus and peritoneal pus. Non-surgical treatment mainly uses broad-spectrum antibiotics or a combination of several antibiotics. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen symptomatic supportive therapy, including blood transfusion, intravenous fluid therapy, gastrointestinal decompression, fasting, and taking analgesics. If shock occurs, anti-shock treatment should also be carried out. Those with mild symptoms should eat foods with little fiber, avoid excessive drinking and eating, and take measures to alleviate symptoms. In cases with obstructive symptoms and poor response to medical treatment, surgical treatment should be adopted.