Omental tumors

　　There are two types of omental tumors: primary and secondary. Primary omental tumors have a wide range of origins different from mesenteric tumors, with 60% of omental tumors originating from smooth muscle, including smooth muscle tumors and smooth muscle sarcomas. Other benign tumors such as lipomas and neurofibromas are very rare. Primary omental tumors refer to tumors that occur in the omentum itself, rather than the result of infiltration, implantation, or metastasis of tumors from other organs in the abdominal cavity or beyond. If classified according to the nature of the tumor, they are generally divided into benign tumors and malignant tumors.

　　1, Primary:Such as leiomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, hemangiopericytoma, fibrosarcoma, and mucinous adenocarcinoma; benign tumors include lipomas, leiomyomas, hemangiomas, and neurofibromas, etc.

　　2, Secondary:Mostly derived from the metastasis of malignant tumors in the abdominal cavity (such as gastrointestinal tract, peritoneum, retroperitoneal tissue, or malignant tumors of the uterus and ovaries). The most common source is the malignant tumors of gastric cancer and ovarian cancer, and occasionally, teratoma of the omentum can be encountered, mostly being dermoid cysts.

　　Retinal tumors can be divided into primary and secondary types. The complications of retinal tumors mainly include the following aspects, as follows:

　　1, Secondary tumors, also known as metastatic tumors or secondary tumors. As the tumor continues to grow, tumor cells will be transferred through the blood and lymphatic fluids to distant sites from the tumor to form tumors. Tumors formed in this way are called secondary tumors.

　　1, Anemia is defined as having a lower count of red blood cells, hemoglobin content, and hematocrit in a certain volume of circulating blood than the normal standard. Among them, hemoglobin is the most important. Adult males with hemoglobin below 120g/L (12.0g/dl) and adult females with hemoglobin below 110g/L (11.0/dl) are generally considered to have anemia.

　　3, Cachexia refers to a syndrome of continuous weight loss and gradual muscle wasting. The symptoms include anorexia, long-term nausea, constipation, weakness of the limbs, depression, and changes in body shape.

　　The characteristics of primary tumors are the gradual distension of the abdomen, palpable masses, and common symptoms of small tumors. When the tumor is large, most patients have hidden abdominal pain, distension, and dysfunctions of the digestive tract. Malignant tumors may be accompanied by systemic weight loss, anemia, or cachexia, and may also have bloody or non-bloody ascites, which can be detected during physical examination.

　　Secondary tumors are often found during surgical exploration for lesions in other organs or simultaneously with advanced recurrent tumors. The prominent feature is abdominal distension, and most patients have hidden abdominal pain and distension.

　　Retinal tumors are mostly metastatic tumors, and the primary site is often in the colon, stomach, pancreas, or ovary. Primary retinal tumors are very rare, and they can be benign or malignant. Therefore, paying attention to the following aspects in life is the key to prevention.

　　1, Maintain an ideal weight;

　　2, Consume a variety of foods;

　　3, Include a variety of vegetables and fruits in daily meals;

　　4, Consume more high-fiber foods (such as whole grain cereals, beans, vegetables, and fruits);

　　5, Reduce the total intake of fats;

　　6, Limit the consumption of alcoholic beverages;

　　Limit the intake of pickled, smoked, and nitrite-containing foods.

　　The diagnosis of omental tumors is difficult, and most cases are due to exploratory surgery for abdominal masses or the diagnosis of omental tumors found during abdominal surgery. Therefore, the examinations that omental tumor patients need to do include clinical physical examination and laboratory examination.

　　Clinical physical examination:The abdomen gradually swells, and a mass can be palpated, which is a common symptom of small tumors. When the tumor is larger, most patients have symptoms such as abdominal dull pain, distension, and gastrointestinal dysfunction.

　　Laboratory examination:Under X-ray, the intestine is often seen on the posterior or lateral side of the mass with obvious air. CT examination is clearer than X-ray film examination and can detect the specific location, size, and pathological nature of the tumor. Based on the above characteristics, it can be distinguished from malignant tumors.

　　For patients with omental tumors, the diet should be light, easy to digest, and nutrition-rich, and should avoid foods that are difficult to digest, such as fried, fried, and fatty meats.

　　Primary tumors should be surgically resected, and secondary tumors need to be resected together with the primary lesion, but they are often in the late stage with extensive metastasis. The more localized ones can be palliative resected, supplemented with chemotherapy or/and immunotherapy as well as radiotherapy and other comprehensive treatments.

　　The main treatment methods for omental tumors are surgical resection of primary malignant tumors, which are highly invasive and often require the resection of the entire omentum and adjacent organs; the role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is not yet clear. Resection of metastatic tumors can control ascites. If it is a benign tumor, a partial resection of the omentum including the tumor can be performed, and the surgery is not difficult. Benign tumors can achieve curative resection, and there are few reports of recurrence.

　　If the malignant tumor is primary in the omentum, a total omentectomy should be performed; if it is a metastatic malignant tumor, the primary and metastatic lesions should be resected as much as possible. However, for the primary malignant tumor and metastatic cancer of the omentum, surgical resection is often palliative. The prognosis is extremely poor, but resection can reduce the burden of abdominal tumors and prevent the formation of ascites. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy should be administered. In recent years, intraperitoneal chemotherapy and catheterization for abdominal aortic chemotherapy or embolization have been advocated. The most fundamental chemotherapy for metastatic omental cancer is to target the primary cancer focus, and its efficacy is consistent with the chemotherapy effect of the primary cancer.