梅毒是由梅毒螺旋体感染引起的一种慢性全身性性传播疾病。主要通过性交传染。本病表现极为复杂,几乎可侵犯全身各器官,造成多器官的损害。如一期梅毒感染部位的溃疡或硬下疳;二期梅毒的皮肤粘膜损害及淋巴结肿大;三期梅毒的心脏、神经、胃、眼、耳受累及树胶肿损害等,梅毒还可通过胎盘传给下一代,引起新生儿先天性梅毒,危害极大。
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梅毒是由梅毒螺旋体感染引起的一种慢性全身性性传播疾病。主要通过性交传染。本病表现极为复杂,几乎可侵犯全身各器官,造成多器官的损害。如一期梅毒感染部位的溃疡或硬下疳;二期梅毒的皮肤粘膜损害及淋巴结肿大;三期梅毒的心脏、神经、胃、眼、耳受累及树胶肿损害等,梅毒还可通过胎盘传给下一代,引起新生儿先天性梅毒,危害极大。
After syphilis invades the human body, after a latent period of 2-3 weeks (known as the first latent period), skin lesions occur (the typical lesion is hard chancre), which is primary syphilis. After the occurrence of skin lesions, the body produces antibodies. From the research on experimental syphilis in rabbits, it is proven that the histological characteristics of syphilis in the early stage are mononuclear cell infiltration. On the 6th day of infection, there is already lymphocyte infiltration, which reaches its peak on the 13th day, followed by the appearance of macrophages. The infiltrating lymphocytes in the lesion are mainly T cells. At this time, the syphilis spirochetes are seen in the intercellular spaces of the epithelial cells in the hard chancre, as well as in the invaginations or phagosomes of the epithelial cells, or between fibroblasts, plasma cells, small capillary endothelial cells, and in the lymphatics and local lymph nodes.
When the body's health status is poor at a certain stage, and the immune function is reduced, the treponema pallidum can take advantage of this to widely act in the human body and damage various tissues. The complications are as follows:
1. Mucosal lesions are prone to develop into chronic interstitial glossitis, which is a precancerous lesion and should be strictly observed.
2. Syphilitic cardiovascular disease can lead to simple aortitis, aortic valve insufficiency, myocardial infarction, aortic aneurysm, or sudden death, etc.
3. Neurosyphilis develops slowly, can cause meningitis, and can compress the spinal cord, leading to spasm and paralysis.
4. Syphilitic osteoarthropathy: It is mainly seen in infants after half a year of birth, the bacteria often invade the metaphyseal ends of long bones in the limbs, and form syphilitic granuloma locally, destroying the growth plate, thus preventing bone development.
The incubation period is average 3-4 weeks, and the typical damage is that the hard chancre appears as a small red papule or nodule at the site of spirochete invasion, and then becomes ulcerative, forming a superficial ulcer, with a hard texture, painless, round or oval in shape, clear margins, regular edges, elevated like a dike, surrounded by dark red infiltration, with characteristic cartilaginous hardness, flat base, no pus, and a fibrous protein film on the surface, which is not easy to remove. If slightly squeezed, there may be a small amount of serous exudate, containing a large number of syphilis spirochetes, which are an important source of infection. Hard chancre is mostly solitary, but it can also be seen in 2-3 cases. The above is a typical hard chancre.
Female hard chancre is more common in the labia majora and minora, clitoris, urethral opening, mons pubis, especially in the cervix, and is prone to misdiagnosis.
The following are the characteristics of hard chancre:
1. Injuries are often single;
2. Cartilaginous hardness;
2, Painless;
3, Clean the surface of the injury.
One week after the appearance of chancroid, the nearby lymph nodes swell, which is characterized by painless, no redness and swelling on the skin surface, no adhesion with surrounding tissues, no ulceration, called painless横向痈(painless lymphadenitis).
Like preventing other infectious diseases, the first is to strengthen health education and propaganda, oppose improper sexual behavior, and secondly, the following preventive measures should be taken.
1, Preventive examinations should be conducted for all suspected patients, and syphilis serum tests should be performed in order to detect new patients early and treat them in time;
2, Patients with syphilis must be isolated and treated forcibly, and the clothing and articles of patients, such as towels, clothes, razors, tableware, bedding, etc., must be strictly disinfected under the guidance of medical personnel to eliminate the source of infection;
3, Trace the sexual partners of patients, including those reported by patients and those visited by medical personnel, find all sexual contacts of patients, conduct preventive examinations, follow-up observations, and necessary treatments, and absolutely prohibit sexual life with partners before being cured;
4, For pregnant women suspected of syphilis, preventive treatment should be given in a timely manner to prevent the infection of syphilis to the fetus; unmarried men and women should not marry before being cured.
1, Dark field microscopy: tissue exudate or lymph node puncture fluid is scraped from the skin lesion with a glass slide, and active syphilis spirochete can be seen.
2, Immunofluorescence staining: syphilis spirochete can be seen under a fluorescence microscope as green.
3, Live tissue examination of syphilis spirochete, if silver staining or fluorescent antibody staining is used, syphilis spirochete can be seen, showing black-brown, spiral structure, located around the dermal capillary.
4, Unheated serum reaction substance slide test is also an improvement of VDRL antigen, with sensitivity and specificity similar to VDRL.
First, syphilis diet therapy(The following information is for reference only, detailed information needs to be consulted with a doctor)
1, Formula One
Composition: Sappan wood 120 grams, white wine in appropriate amount. Method of use: fried Sappan wood and added to two cups of wine, decocted for more than ten boils, and taken hot. Indications: syphilis.
2, Formula Two
Composition: ginger, turmeric root in appropriate amount. Method of use: pounded and applied externally. Indications: horizontal ulceration, not healing for a long time, resembling the mouth of a fish, also known as fish mouth.
3, Formula Three
Composition: ginger 300 grams, turmeric 300 grams, Sophora flavescens 100 grams. Method of use: decoct the soup for external washing. Indications: early stage of syphilis.
4, Formula Four
Dandelion porridge, 40-60 grams of dandelion, 60-90 grams of fresh product, 30-60 grams of japonica rice. Clean the above medicine, chop it, decoct the juice, remove the dregs, and cook with japonica rice to make porridge. 3-5 days is one course, take 2-3 times a day, and take warm food. It has the function of clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing swelling and dissipating nodules, and can be used for the whole process of syphilis.
Secondly, what to eat is good for the body:
1, Foods rich in vitamin A include carrots, spinach, Chinese cabbage, chive, amaranth, broccoli, amaranth, malan head, chrysanthemum, fennel, coriander, kailan, apricot, etc.
2, Vitamin B6 plays an important role in regulating the synthesis of fats and fatty acids, inhibiting sebum secretion, and stimulating hair regeneration.
3. Foods rich in vitamin B6 include potatoes, broad beans, mackerel, oranges, sesame seeds, etc.
4. In addition, eating more foods rich in vitamin B2 and vitamin C can also have a certain effect on seborrheic alopecia.
Third, what foods should be avoided as much as possible:
1. It is recommended to eat less animal fat, sweets, and spicy刺激性 food.
2. Avoid smoking and drinking.
The penicillin treatment plan for syphilis.
1. Early Syphilis:Including patients with primary, secondary, and latent syphilis with a disease stage of less than two years, who can be treated with penicillin by intramuscular injection, 1.2 million units per side of the buttocks, a total of 2.4 million units, and only one injection.
2. Late Syphilis:Including patients with three-stage skin, mucosal, and bone damage, latent syphilis with a disease stage of more than two years, cardiovascular syphilis, and neurosyphilis, etc. For benign late syphilis (vascular, mucosal, and bone, etc.), procaine penicillin G can be administered by intramuscular injection, once a day, 600,000 units each time, for a total of 15 times, with a total dose of 9 million units. Alternatively, benzathine penicillin can be administered by intramuscular injection once a week, 2.4 million units each time, for a total of three times, with a total dose of 7.2 million units.
3. Treatment of Pregnant Women with Syphilis:Early treatment of syphilis patients can prevent the occurrence of congenital syphilis.
In areas with syphilis outbreaks, serological examinations should be conducted at least once during the first three months of pregnancy and the three months before delivery for pregnant women who may have syphilis.
4. Treatment of Early Congenital Syphilis Patients:For infants born to syphilis-positive pregnant women who have been treated, clinical and serological examinations should be conducted until the serological examination turns negative or remains negative for more than three months.
5. Treatment of Late Congenital Syphilis:The treatment for congenital syphilis in children over two years of age can be carried out according to the corresponding disease stage in adults, and the dosage should not exceed that of adults.
Other antibiotics:There are many antibiotics other than penicillin used to treat syphilis spirochetes. These include erythromycin derivatives such as azithromycin, roxithromycin, and lincosamine; tetracyclines such as doxycycline, oxytetracycline, and streptomycin. In recent years, ceftriaxone sodium, cefotaxime sodium, and other antibiotics have been tried, and good clinical effects have been achieved.
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