Malignant tumors of the vagina

　　1. Human papillomavirus:Part of it may be related. HPV is associated with abnormal changes in the development of vaginal mucosa, known as vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. HPV infection - vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia - invasive cancer, this process has been reported, but the exact possibility is still unclear.

　　2. Estrogen:Young female clear cell carcinoma of the vagina is related to the use of estrogen during pregnancy, with a risk of 1%, and the highest risk is among women exposed to estrogen for the first 12 weeks before pregnancy.

　　Complications of vaginal malignant tumors include: when the mass invades the bladder, it may cause frequent urination, dysuria, difficulty in defecation, and hematuria. When the cancer invades the rectum, it may cause anal坠胀, difficulty in defecation, pain during defecation, and constipation. Involvement of the vaginal vestibule may cause frequent urination, dysuria, or urinary disorders. Involvement of nerves or bones may cause lower abdominal, lumbar sacral pain. Vaginal metastasis: often presents as purple-blue nodules submucosally, and rupture may lead to massive hemorrhage.

　　1. Symptoms

　　Early vaginal malignant tumors may not have obvious symptoms, or may only have an increase in vaginal discharge and contact bleeding. As the course of the disease progresses, the vaginal cancer lesions may enlarge and necrotize, resulting in vaginal discharge of foul-smelling fluid, painless vaginal bleeding. When the tumor extends to surrounding organs and tissues, it may cause corresponding symptoms. Involvement of the urethra or bladder may cause frequent urination, urgency, hematuria, and difficulty in urination; involvement of the rectum may cause difficulty in defecation and tenesmus; when the para-vaginal, cardinal ligament, and uterosacral ligament are involved, it may cause lumbar sacral pain, etc. The most common symptom of vaginal leiomyoma is vaginal rectal pain, with about half of the cases showing this symptom.

　　2. Signs

　　Vaginal cancer tends to occur on the posterior wall of the upper one-third and the anterior wall of the lower one-third of the vagina. Vaginal epithelial tumors or early infiltrative cancer lesions may only be erosive in nature. Generally, infiltrative cancer lesions are exophytic, commonly in the form of papillary or cauliflower-like, but also in the form of ulcerative, flat submucosal, or para-vaginal infiltrative. Early vaginal lesions are relatively limited, and in advanced stages, they may appear throughout the vagina, para-vaginal, cardinal ligament, and sacral ligament infiltration, bladder or urethra, vaginal fistula or rectovaginal fistula, as well as metastasis to inguinal, pelvic, supraclavicular lymph nodes, and even distant metastasis.

　　Early malignant tumors may not have obvious symptoms, or may only have an increase in vaginal discharge and contact bleeding. It is necessary to pay attention to regular physical examinations and checks.

　　1. Actively treat diseases such as vaginal leukoplakia, chronic inflammation, and ulcers.

　　2, For any irregular vaginal bleeding, abnormal leukorrhea, an early and clear diagnosis should be made, and active treatment should be carried out.

　　It is necessary to have a follow-up examination once every 3 to 6 months after the treatment of vaginal cancer, and cell cytology examination should be performed. If vaginal bleeding or abnormal leukorrhea occurs again, medical consultation should be sought immediately.

　　1, Gynecological examination:Visible nodules on the vaginal wall,呈菜花状, ulcers, or local hardening, in advanced cases, the tumor fills the vaginal cavity and there are a large amount of malodorous secretions, and there is contact bleeding.

　　2, Tissue biopsy:And vaginal cytology examination, any suspicious tissue on the vaginal wall should be biopsied for定性, for cases without obvious lesions, vaginal cytology examination can be performed, with a positive rate of 10% to 40%.

　　3, Diagnostic curettage:To understand the presence of cancer lesions in the endometrium of the cervix and uterus.

　　4, Endoscopic examination:All patients with advanced disease should undergo urethro-vesical cystoscopy and recto-sigmoidoscopy to exclude the invasion of these organs by cancer lesions.

　　5, Imaging examination:Those who have the conditions should undergo this examination before treatment, including ultrasound, CT, MRI, intravenous pyelography, and chest X-ray, to understand the condition of related organs.

　　6, Serum immunological examination:Perform CEA, AT-4, and CA125 tests before surgery to help assess the prognosis after treatment and monitor follow-up.

　　First, therapeutic food recipes:

　　1, Pumpkin porridge

　　Ingredients: Glutinous rice and an appropriate amount of pumpkin.

　　Preparation: Wash the pumpkin, peel it, cut it into pieces, cook the glutinous rice in a pot over low heat, then add the pumpkin and cook together until it is ready to eat.

　　Effect: Pumpkin is rich in nutritional value. It contains a lot of beta-carotene, which is a well-known nutrient that can inhibit the occurrence of tumors.

　　2, Fennel dumplings

　　Ingredients: Fennel, lean pork, and an appropriate amount of flour.

　　Preparation: Take fennel and lean pork to make a filling, then leaven the dough and steam the buns to be eaten.

　　Effect: Fennel can increase the number of white blood cells in the body and enhance the body's immunity. It is suitable for patients after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and can alleviate the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

　　3, Stir-fried onion and meat

　　Ingredients: Onion heads, meat slices, oil, and appropriate seasonings.

　　Preparation: First, fry the meat slices in oil until they are 80% cooked, then add the washed onion heads to the pot and stir-fry until they are cooked. They can be eaten with staple food.

　　Effect: Onion contains volatile alkaloids that can activate macrophages, inhibit the growth of tumor cells, and increase the body's immunity when consumed regularly.

　　Second, what are the beneficial foods for vaginal malignant tumors:

　　1, After tumor radiotherapy, there is often injury to Yin and consumption of body fluid, resulting in symptoms such as dizziness, irritability, insomnia, bitter mouth, thirst, red tongue with yellow fur or smooth, and thin and rapid pulse. It is advisable to take products that clear the lungs, nourish the stomach, and moisten the body fluid. These include sweet and cool, mild foods such as snow pear, water chestnut, watermelon, winter melon, mung bean, mushroom, and silver ear.

　　2, After radiotherapy, there are often symptoms such as dry mouth and tongue, red tongue with thin coating, indicating consumption of body fluid. It is recommended to eat more nourishing and moistening sweet and cool foods, such as lotus juice, water chestnut juice, pear juice, mung bean soup, winter melon soup, watermelon, etc.

　　3. During chemotherapy, patients' immune function decreases, white blood cells decrease, and appetite decreases. Foods that can help increase white blood cells, such as river crabs, eels, beef, and foods that invigorate the spleen and stomach, such as hawthorn and radish, can be eaten.

　　4. After surgery, patients may have deficiency of Qi and blood, and can eat more yam, jujube, longan, lotus seeds, etc., to replenish Qi and nourish blood.

　　Three: Vaginal malignant tumors should avoid eating the following foods:

　　1. Avoid foods that can cause boils, such as lamb, shrimps, crabs, eels, salted fish, black fish, etc.

　　2. Avoid spicy foods and drinks such as chili, Sichuan peppercorns, scallions, garlic, white wine, etc.

　　3. Avoid stimulants such as coffee.

　　4. Avoid eating foods containing carcinogens, such as vegetables containing strong carcinogenic nitrites, moldy foods, pickled, smoked, roasted, fried foods.

　　5. Avoid eating high-iodine foods. Cancer patients should not eat seafood such as crabs, shrimps, eels, kelp, etc., including iodized foods and iodized salt, as this can cause the mass to溃溃.

　　1. Actively treat diseases such as vaginal leukoplakia, chronic inflammation, and ulcers.

　　2. For those with irregular vaginal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, an early and clear diagnosis should be made, and active treatment should be carried out. There is no relevant information on the treatment of vaginal malignant tumors in traditional Chinese medicine. The treatment principle for the treatment of vaginal cancer in Western medicine is: surgery or radiotherapy can be used to treat vaginal cancer. The treatment of tumors in the upper part of the vagina is the same as that for cervical cancer, the lower part is the same as that for vulvar cancer, and the middle part needs to consider both, such as when the bladder or rectum is invaded, organ excision and bypass surgery is required.

　　Surgical Treatment: ① Radical hysterectomy, partial vaginal resection and pelvic lymphadenectomy, suitable for early cancer in the upper part of the vagina. ② Radical vulvar, vaginal and inguinal or pelvic lymphadenectomy, suitable for small and localized lesions in the lower part of the vagina. ③ The above ① or ② plus organ excision and bypass surgery. Such surgery has a wide range, and the risk of surgery and complications is relatively high, and it should not be used unless necessary.

　　Chemotherapy (Radiotherapy): The plan for radiotherapy depends on the location and extent of invasion of the tumor. Treatment of tumors in the fornix is the same as that for cervical cancer. If there is invasion around the vagina, whole pelvic external irradiation followed by local radium therapy is given. The five-year survival rate for vaginal cancer is generally 35%. The cause of death is often due to uremia or infection caused by urinary system obstruction.