Malignant tumors of the seminal vesicle

　　1. Etiology

　　The etiology of this disease is unclear, most seminal vesicle cysts are congenital, and a few are caused by acquired factors. Congenital cysts may be accompanied by or without ectopic ureteral or ipsilateral renal underdevelopment or hypoplasia, as well as seminal vesicle hypoplasia. Acquired cysts are mostly caused by inflammation or blockage of the ejaculatory duct opening due to transurethral resection, also known as retention cysts. Treatment usually involves drainage, and if there is inflammation, anti-inflammatory treatment should be carried out. It is recommended to go to the hospital for further examination, clarify the specific condition, and then carry out targeted treatment.

　　2. Pathogenesis

　　Seminal vesicle cancer usually has no complete capsule, mainly invades the prostate and bladder, but rarely involves the rectum. The main mode of spread is local lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis can occur in the late stage. Bone metastasis often manifests as osteolytic changes.

　　There is currently no relevant information, please refer to the complications of malignant tumors.

　　Malignant tumors themselves and their treatment can cause a series of complications:

　　1. Complications caused by malignant tumors

　　Superior vena cava syndrome, malignant pleural effusion, ectopic hormone syndrome;

　　2. Complications caused by treatment methods for malignant tumors

　　Complications caused by antitumor drugs, complications caused by radiotherapy, complications caused by immunotherapy, complications caused by surgery;

　　3. Complications in the treatment of malignant tumors

　　Infection, hemorrhage.

　　Firstly, clinical symptoms

　　Blood seminal fluid, intermittent hematuria, frequent urination, thick, gelatinous substances in urine, when the mass is large, it can cause difficulty in urination, even urinary retention, late stage may appear urgent need to defecate and secondary epididymitis, blood in stool suggests that the tumor has invaded the rectum.

　　Secondly, rectal examination

　　Irregular spindle-shaped hard masses can be felt above the prostate, which may be cystic or solid, and sometimes fuse with the prostate, making the boundary unclear.

　　The criteria for diagnosing seminal vesicle tumors are:

　　1. The tumor must be confined to the seminal vesicle;

　　2. There is no primary tumor in other parts;

　　3. Pathologically, it is papillary adenoma, and if it is an undifferentiated adenoma, there should be mucus production.

　　Since the etiology of seminal vesicle cancer patients is not yet fully clear, the methods of prevention are not much different

　　1. Try to minimize infection, avoid contact with radiation and other harmful substances, especially drugs that suppress the immune function;

　　2. Engage in appropriate exercise to enhance physical fitness and improve one's ability to resist diseases.

　　Prevention is mainly aimed at various factors that may lead to seminal vesicle cancer. It is currently believed that the loss of normal immune surveillance function, the tumorigenic effect of immunosuppressants, the activation of potential viruses, and the long-term use of certain physical (such as radiation) and chemical substances (such as antiepileptic drugs, adrenal cortical hormones) can all lead to the proliferation of lymphoreticular tissue, ultimately resulting in seminal vesicle cancer. Therefore, attention should be paid to personal and environmental hygiene, avoid drug abuse, and pay attention to personal protection when working in harmful environments.

　　1. Cystoscopy

　　There is compression deformation and displacement in the triangular area.

　　2. Imaging Examination

　　Ultrasound and CT can clearly define the location of the tumor and its relationship with surrounding tissues; seminal vesicle造影 can show filling defects, obstruction, deformation, etc. in the seminal vesicle; IVU helps to judge whether the ureter is involved; if necessary, transrectal puncture biopsy can be performed under the guidance of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to clarify the pathological nature, and bone metastasis presents osteolytic changes.

　　3. Pathological Examination

　　It is papillary adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated cancer still has mucus production.

　　The diet of seminal vesicle malignant tumor patients should be light, easy to digest, with more fruits and vegetables, a reasonable diet, and attention to adequate nutrition. In addition, patients should also pay attention to avoiding spicy, greasy, and cold foods..

　　1. Treatment

　　If the tumor is large, bilateral seminal vesicles along with bladder, prostate, and even rectum (total pelvic resection) can be considered for radical resection. If the tumor is small, local resection can be performed. Some people advocate that the treatment of seminal vesicle cancer should adopt surgery, radiotherapy, and combined endocrine therapy to improve the efficacy, and chemotherapy is generally ineffective.

　　2. Prognosis

　　Treatment is mainly surgical, and estrogen therapy and radiotherapy can prolong the patient's life. The prognosis is generally poor, as the disease is often discovered at a late stage, but there are also reports of survival for 12.5 years.

　　Sarcoma of seminal vesicle is reported rarely, usually smooth muscle sarcoma. Apart from pathological diagnosis, there are no special manifestations, and the symptoms are extremely similar to seminal vesicle adenocarcinoma, mainly including blood seminal fluid, palpable mass on the lateral side of the prostate, and difficulty in urination. These tumors progress rapidly and have poor prognosis. At present, there is no unified treatment plan, and radical resection or simple seminal vesicle resection can be performed, followed by radiotherapy and endocrine therapy. The prognosis is poor.