Testicular malignant tumors

　　Malignant tumors can also destroy the structure and function of tissues and organs, causing necrosis, hemorrhage, and infection, and patients may eventually die due to organ failure. The pathogenic factors causing cell carcinogenesis are generally divided into:

　　1. Physical carcinogens, such as X-rays, ionizing radiation;

　　2. Chemical carcinogens, such as nitrites (commonly found in pickled vegetables or leftover food), aflatoxins;

　　3. Viral carcinogens, such as hepatitis B virus, herpes virus.

　　1. Obstruction and compression, which is similar to benign tumors, but the obstruction and compression of malignant tumors develop rapidly and are more severe.

　　2. During the reproductive period, it can also affect the possibility of sperm.

　　3. Metastasis and spread of malignant tumors, which can be life-threatening in severe cases.

　　4. Necrosis, hemorrhage, and infection: Malignant tumors grow rapidly, and the cancer tissue often undergoes necrosis due to insufficient blood supply. If the cancerous tissue invades blood vessels, it can cause hemorrhage

　　5. Pain, due to compression or invasion of nerves by the cancer tissue, can cause pain in the abdomen and testicles.

　　1. Symptoms

　　Painless mass within the scrotum, with a rapid growth rate; also, there may be a sudden increase in size on the basis of an existing mass.

　　2. Signs

　　The scrotum on the affected side is enlarged, with a firm, irregular mass that can be felt inside, sometimes poorly demarcated from surrounding tissues, and the light transmission test is negative.

　　Clinical staging is divided into 4 stages:

　　Stage Ⅰ: Stage Ⅰa: The tumor is limited to the spermatic cord and can be completely resected.

　　Stage Ⅰb: The tumor has local infiltration, but it can be completely resected.

　　Stage Ⅱ: Stage Ⅱa: There is residual tumor after tumor resection under the microscope.

　　Stage Ⅱb: There is regional lymph node metastasis, but it can be completely resected.

　　Stage Ⅲ: The tumor cannot be completely resected, and there is visible residual tumor.

　　Stage Ⅳ: There is distant metastasis.

　　1, It is generally believed that various malignant tumors, due to disease and injury, cause consumption of body fluid and yin, most belong to internal heat of yin deficiency, so in terms of dietary adjustment, spicy, warm, dry and hot foods should be avoided, and sticky foods should be eaten less; in the middle and late stages of cancer, most are deficiency and cold symptoms, so it is advocated to eat warm and invigorating foods for the spleen and stomach, and foods that belong to cold nature should be eaten less or not at all.

　　2, Do not have masturbation, do not hold urine, do not sit for a long time, do not indulge in sexual desire.

　　3, Regular follow-up is necessary

　　Ultrasound and CT can clearly determine whether the capsule of the tumor is intact, the relationship with surrounding tissues, and whether there is lymph node metastasis, etc., and pathological tissue examination can determine the nature of the tumor.

　　1, What foods are good for malignant tumors of the spermatic cord

　　It is advisable to eat light, eat more vegetables and fruits, and reasonably match the diet, paying attention to adequate nutrition.

　　2, What foods should be avoided for malignant tumors of the spermatic cord

　　Avoid smoking and drinking, avoid spicy and greasy foods. Avoid cold and raw foods.

　　First, Treatment

　　1, Malignant Tumor

　　The spermatic cord and vas deferens should be cut off at a high position in the inguinal ring, and the ipsilateral testis should be resected. If the scrotum is involved, a complete resection of the lesion should be performed.

　　2, Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy

　　Radiotherapy is suitable for patients with inoperable primary lesions, and the radiation range should include the retroperitoneum, ipsilateral pelvic cavity, and inguinal region, with a dose of 40-60 Gy. The combination of vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy has a good effect.

　　3, Testicle

　　Due to the main hematogenous metastasis of leiomyosarcoma, it is generally not suitable to perform retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.

　　Second, Prognosis

　　Currently, there is no relevant information