Cecum granuloma

　　1. The cecum amebic granuloma, due to the long-term non-healing of the lesion, produces a large amount of fibrous tissue, inflammatory infiltration and edema of the mesentery and intestinal wall, forming granuloma-like masses, and causing intestinal stricture or motor disorders in the intestinal wall, leading to intestinal obstruction.

　　2. The blood fluke granuloma at the ileocecal junction is formed by the blood fluke eggs breaking through the small veins in the intestinal wall and penetrating into the intestinal wall tissue around the blood vessels, especially the submucosal layer. The eggs cause leukocyte infiltration in the intestinal wall, pseudonodule formation, fibrous tissue proliferation, and in the late stage, fibrosis and thickening of the intestinal wall, and mucosal proliferation to form granulomas.

　　Hypersecretion syndrome of ADH, amebic liver abscess, poisoning of organophosphorus pesticides, amebic colitis, opiate poisoning, Barretts syndrome, Brenneman syndrome, Barrett syndrome, galactosemia, fulminant hepatic failure, trichuriasis, Buka syndrome, fulminant hepatitis-like syndrome, constipation, pyrazolone poisoning, Barrett's esophagus, achalasia, barium poisoning, diphenhydramine poisoning, proteus food poisoning, castor bean poisoning, paraquat poisoning, hepatitis C, enteropathic acrodermatitis syndrome, intestinal flora imbalance, intestinal volvulus syndrome, acute intestinal obstruction, and other diseases.

　　1. The amebic granuloma of the cecum is characterized by localized abdominal pain and intermittent diarrhea, and the feces sometimes show positive occult blood, a soft sausagelike mass can be palpated in the lower right abdomen.

　　1. Besides palpable mass in the lower right abdomen in the case of schistosomal granuloma in the ileocecal region, there are often accompanied by chronic low intestinal obstruction, the course of the disease often lasts for several months, and then acute intestinal obstruction symptoms appear.

　　Pay attention to prevent infection of amebiasis and schistosomiasis. Pay attention to dietary hygiene. People with chronic diarrhea should be examined in a timely manner. If they are patients with intestinal amebiasis or carriers of cysts, they must be treated thoroughly and isolated from the intestines. If they are restaurant staff, they should be temporarily transferred from their work. The intensive eradication of flies and cockroaches, and the strengthening of fecal management are also very important.

　　1. The main route of transmission of this disease is through contaminated hands, flies, and cockroaches, which carry the amebic cysts to food and infect through the mouth. However, most people do not have obvious clinical symptoms after infection and become asymptomatic excreators; only a few people with low body resistance show clinical symptoms.

　　1. Patients with acute amebiasis can excrete a large number of amebic trophozoites in their feces, but the trophozoites die quickly in the external environment, so the infectivity of most acute patients is small. While chronic or asymptomatic excreators, the amebic cysts excreted in their feces have strong resistance to the external environment, and general disinfectants cannot kill them. Therefore, these chronic patients, especially asymptomatic amebic cyst carriers, are important sources of infection for the disease, and can transmit the disease to others.

　　3. Amebic protozoa are mainly transmitted through fecal-oral route. Oral-anal sexual intercourse has more opportunities to contact this source of infection, thus infecting amebic protozoa.

　　Section 1: Feces Examination

　　1. Active trophozoite examination method:The direct smear method with physiological saline is commonly used to check the active trophozoites. The container must be clean, the fecal sample must be fresh, and the faster the sample is delivered for inspection, the better. In cold seasons, attention must also be paid to the warmth during transportation and inspection. During the examination, take a clean slide, add one drop of physiological saline, use a bamboo stick to take a small amount of fecal sample, spread it in the physiological saline, cover with a cover glass, and then place it under a microscope for examination. Microscopic examination shows that the mucus contains a large number of clumped red blood cells and fewer white blood cells, and sometimes Charcot-Leyden crystals (Charcot-Leyden crystals) and active trophozoites can be seen.

　　2. Cyst examination method:In clinical practice, the iodine staining method is commonly used, which is simple and easy to perform. Take a clean slide, add one drop of iodine solution, then use a bamboo stick to take a small amount of fecal sample, spread it into a thin film in the iodine solution, cover with a cover glass, and then place it under a microscope for examination to identify the characteristics and number of cell nuclei.

　　Section 2: Amebic Culture

　　There are various improved artificial culture media, commonly used ones include洛克氏液(Locke's solution), eggs, serum culture media, nutrient agar serum saline culture media, and agar protein peptone biphase culture media, etc. However, the technical operation is complex, requires certain equipment, and the positive rate of amebic artificial culture in most subacute or chronic cases is not high, so it is not suitable to be a routine examination for amebic diagnosis.

　　Third, tissue examination

　　Directly observe the mucosal ulcer through the sigmoid colonoscopy or fiber colonoscopy, and perform tissue biopsy or scraping smear, with the highest detection rate. It is reported that about 2/3 of the cases with lesions in the sigmoid colon and rectum have symptoms, so all suspected patients who are allowed to undergo colonoscopy, scraping smear, or tissue biopsy should be encouraged. The material for the trophozoite must be taken from the edge of the ulcer, and it is preferable to have slight bleeding after the biopsy.

　　Green vegetables supplement fiber:

　　1. Avoid overeating, eating a lot and feeling full, thinking that you are supplementing all the necessary nutrients for your body. In fact, a lot of dietary fiber is lost in your fish and meat.

　　2. Pay special attention to the supplement of dietary fiber. Dietary fiber is easy to be insufficient because of the lack of fresh fruits and vegetables consumed, and in addition, the reduction in physical activity during the holidays can lead to constipation or poor defecation, so it is necessary to eat more fresh vegetables, eat less meat, and supplement enough fiber.

　　3. It is best to use vegetarian food to slowly adjust the three meals a day, and breakfast must include vegetables, such as fresh vegetables like lettuce, mustard greens, carrots, celery, etc., which are best eaten as staple food.

　　1. Amoebic granuloma of the cecum:This granuloma usually does not require surgical treatment, and medication (chloroquine, diiodohydroxyquin, metronidazole) has a good effect. The amebic granuloma in the cecum without medication can lead to complications such as peritonitis, abscess around the cecum, and fecal fistula after surgery, so correct preoperative diagnosis is of great importance.

　　2. Granuloma of Schistosoma japonicum in the ileocecal region:Since there is a possibility of malignancy in the granuloma of Schistosoma japonicum in the ileocecal region, the diseased intestinal segment should be surgically removed and anastomosed in one stage, which is the most effective treatment. If the intestinal adhesions around the lesion are extensive and the lesion cannot be removed temporarily, a temporary ileostomy or bypass surgery can be performed.