Nephroureteral cyst

　　The main cause of ureteral cysts is mainly due to the obstruction of upper urinary tract caused by poor urine flow. After fertilization, the Chwalle membrane temporarily separates the ureteral bud and the urogenital sinus for 37 days. When the Chwalle membrane dissolves incompletely, it leads to this disease. In addition, abnormal development of the ureteral muscle in the bladder wall segment can also cause it.

　　Urinary tract obstruction is one of the common causes of renal failure. As long as it is detected in time and the obstruction is removed as soon as possible, most cases of renal failure can improve. The urinary system is a pipeline system, and the lumen must be unobstructed to maintain the normal function of the urinary system. Obstruction can occur in many parts of the urinary system, such as inside the kidney, at the renal pelvis and ureteral junction, in the ureter itself, at the ureter bladder junction, bladder neck, or urethra. The closer the obstruction is to the kidney, the faster hydronephrosis occurs.

　　In early cases, there may be no symptoms in clinical practice, and they are often discovered when diagnosing renal malformations. The main symptoms are urinary tract obstruction, leading to recurrent urinary tract infections. Due to the small opening of the cyst, persistent obstruction of the ureteral orifice can lead to hydronephrosis of the ureter and kidney, renal function loss, bladder neck obstruction by the cyst, resulting in difficulty in urination or intermittent urine flow, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Sometimes, the girl's cyst can protrude outside the urethral orifice through the bladder neck and urethra, and it can generally be复位自行复位. But it can also be incarcerated into a purple mass.

　　The most common clinical manifestations are:

　　1, Upper urinary tract dilatation and hydrops.

　　2, Urinary tract infection.Urinary tract infection (urinary tract infection, UTI), abbreviated as UTI, refers to the inflammation of the urinary tract caused by pathogenic invasion of the urinary tract mucosa or tissue. According to the site of infection, urinary tract infection can be divided into upper urinary tract infection and lower urinary tract infection. The former is pyelonephritis, and the latter is mainly cystitis. According to whether there is a basic disease, urinary tract infection can also be divided into complicated urinary tract infection and non-complicated urinary tract infection.

　　Caused by congenital developmental abnormalities, there are no specific preventive measures. Preventive measures can be taken during pregnancy:

　　1. Regular prenatal examinations, early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment.

　　2. Strengthen health education during pregnancy, pay attention to nutrition, reduce diseases, avoid contact with harmful toxins, and prohibit smoking and drinking. Medication during pregnancy should be taken under the guidance of a doctor. Pay attention to the triggering factors of FGR and actively prevent and treat complications and complications of pregnancy.

　　1. Imaging examinations can make an accurate diagnosis.

　　3. Intravenous urography typically shows a

　　4. Cystoscopy can show a cystic dilation at the opening of the ureter, which is needle-like and expands and contracts with the peristalsis of the ureter.

　　1. The daily water intake should be 2000-3000 milliliters, and it should be increased to 4000-5000 milliliters in hot summer, and more after sweating, at least keeping a daily urine output of more than 2000 milliliters.

　　2. Magnetic water can be used for drinking, which is easy to dissolve stones.

　　3. Eat more foods containing vitamin A, such as pork liver, eggs, as well as fresh cabbage and fruits.

　　4. Eat less food rich in calcium, such as kelp, black fungus, beans, amaranth, milk, celery, nori, eel, pickled radish, pumpkin seeds, dried red dates, etc.

　　5. Eat less food that can easily increase uric acid, cystine, and xanthine, such as animal internal organs, seafood, beans, peanuts, etc.

　　6. Eat less food rich in oxalic acid, such as spinach, celery, cocoa, coffee, beetroot, strawberry, orange, sweet potato, black tea, etc.

　　Treatment of Ureteral Cyst:If the upper half of the affected kidney function is poor, a partial nephrectomy can be performed. About 20-25% of cases still have symptoms after surgery, and the cyst is then treated. If the renal function is good, a ureteral cyst resection and antireflux ureterovesical reimplantation can be performed.

　　The choice of treatment method is determined by the degree of lesion, the impact on the upper urinary tract, and whether there are other urinary tract anomalies. The goal of treatment is to relieve obstruction, eradicate infection, and protect renal function. Common surgical methods include transurethral resection and antireflux ureterovesical reimplantation.