Acute infectious gastritis

　　Acute infectious gastritis often occurs secondary to systemic infections or in patients with low systemic immune function, such as organ transplantation, advanced chemotherapy for tumors, and AIDS. Common sources of infection include:

　　1, Bacteria:Infection foci in other organs of the body reach the gastric mucosa through the blood circulation or lymphatic system, causing acute inflammation. Common bacteria include pneumococcus, streptococcus, Salmonella typhi, diphtheria, and other bacteria. Swallowing Helicobacter pylori can also manifest transient acute gastritis, but there have been no reports in clinical practice regarding the bacterium causing acute gastritis.

　　2, Virus:Giant cell virus and herpes virus can be found in the stomach of patients with acute infectious gastritis with low immunity. The pathology is often manifested as diffuse inflammation of the entire stomach, with hyperemia, edema, and even extensive hemorrhage and erosion of the gastric mucosa. Under the microscope, bacterial bodies and a large number of neutrophils can be seen. The type caused by Helicobacter pylori is characterized by a large number of neutrophils and eosinophils infiltrating the submucosa, with the formation of small abscesses. Infection caused by the giant cell virus shows a large number of inclusion bodies within the cells, and the gastric mucosal folds become thickened.

　　Complications include gastrointestinal bleeding, and perforation is rare.

　　Symptoms of acute infectious gastritis:

　　Patients with low immunity background or evidence of systemic infection, with symptoms such as upper abdominal pain, bloating, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, and severe cases may have gastrointestinal bleeding, accompanied by fever and other systemic symptoms. Physical examination may show an increase in body temperature, upper abdominal tenderness, and other systemic infections have corresponding manifestations.

　　Acute gastritis is mainly caused by damage to the gastric mucosa by exogenous and endogenous stimulating factors. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid the effects of these two factors in daily life as much as possible, pay attention to food hygiene, and avoid overeating, eating unclean food, alcohol abuse, or taking irritant drugs. In addition, sufficient attention should be paid to the primary diseases that can produce endogenous stimulating factors, and they should be treated and cleared thoroughly.

　　Acute gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori often changes to chronic gastritis within 2-3 months. The white blood cell count in blood routine can increase or remain normal, with an increase in the proportion of neutrophils or lymphocytes, and a positive blood culture can be found in patients with systemic infection. X-ray examination shows thickening of the gastric mucosa and local irritation. Endoscopic examination shows diffuse inflammation of the entire stomach, congestion and edema of the gastric mucosa, and even extensive hemorrhage and erosion. Patients with low immunity or systemic infection may have symptoms of upper gastrointestinal tract and upper abdominal tenderness, and a diagnosis can be made in combination with endoscopic examination and pathological findings.

　　To avoid gastrointestinal fermentation and flatulence, avoid eating foods that are easy to produce gas such as beef during the acute phase, and try to reduce the intake of sucrose. Attention should be paid to food hygiene. Avoid high-fat fried, smoked, and cured fish, vegetables and fruits with high fiber content, drinks with strong刺激性, food and spices, etc.

　　Actively treat the primary disease, use antibiotics to control infection, and can perform parenteral nutrition during the acute phase to reduce the burden on the stomach, apply acid suppressants and mucosal protective agents, and treat the symptoms of the upper abdomen according to symptoms.