Astrovirus gastroenteritis

　　7. Conventional methods of Western medicine for the treatment of astrovirus gastroenteritis

　　1

　　What are the causes of astrovirus gastroenteritis

　　1. Etiology

　　Same as enteric adenovirus gastroenteritis.

　　Due to diarrhea, the absorption of nutrients is poor, and with reduced appetite, the intake of nutrients is also reduced, which can lead to various nutrient deficiencies. Chronic diarrhea is particularly serious, commonly leading to malnutrition, nutritional anemia, and various vitamin deficiencies. After long-term diarrhea, the overall resistance of the body is reduced, which can lead to various secondary infections, such as otitis media, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, urinary tract infections, skin infections, and sepsis.

　　3

　　What are the typical symptoms of astrovirus gastroenteritis

　　One, the incubation period of common rotavirus gastroenteritis is 1-3 days

　　1. The severity of the illness varies greatly, with severe symptoms in children aged 6-24 months, while older children or adults are mostly mild or subclinical infections. The onset is acute, usually vomiting followed by diarrhea, accompanied by mild to moderate fever. Diarrhea occurs 10 to 30 times a day, with stools mostly watery or yellow-green loose stools, often accompanied by mild to moderate dehydration and metabolic acidosis.

　　2. Some cases may have upper respiratory tract infection symptoms before the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms.

　　3. This disease is self-limiting, with a course of about one week. However, a small number of children may still have poor absorption of disaccharides, especially lactose, in the short term, resulting in diarrhea that may last for several weeks, and in some cases, up to several months.

　　2. A small number of patients may develop complications such as intussusception, rectal bleeding, hemolytic uremic syndrome, encephalitis, and Reye syndrome.

　　4How to prevent astrovirus gastroenteritis

　　1. Early: Measures should be taken from three aspects: controlling the source of infection, interrupting the route of transmission, and enhancing human resistance.2. Interruption: Prompt isolation and thorough treatment of patients and carriers are important measures for controlling infectious diseases. Staff engaged in the catering industry, child care, and waterworks should undergo longer-term follow-up, and temporary transfer from their work positions may be necessary if required.

　　3. Protection: Proper management of 'three controls and one elimination' (i.e., control of water, feces, and food, and elimination of flies), and the habit of washing hands before and after meals and defecation. Regular inspections of staff in the catering industry and children's institutions for carrier status. Upon discovery of carriers, immediate treatment and transfer from work should be provided.Vulnerable populations can take oral live bacterial vaccine of Enterococcus faecalis, which is non-pathogenic but has a protective effect, with a protection rate of 85% to 100%. China has produced multivalent dysentery live bacterial vaccine.

　　First, laboratory examination

　　Diagnosis depends on etiology and serology. Viral particles can be found in the patient's feces by electron microscopy or immunoelectron microscopy, or viral antigens can be detected in the feces by ELISA and RIA methods, which can be diagnosed. ELISA and RIA methods can also be used to detect specific antibodies in the patient's serum, especially IgM antibodies.

　　Second, specific diagnostic tests

　　1. Direct or immunoelectron microscopy of feces can detect rotavirus particles.

　　2. Detect viral antigens in the supernatant of feces using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or immunoenzyme spot test (Immunoenzymedottest) with high sensitivity and specificity.

　　3. Extract viral RNA from feces, perform polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining, and check for the electrophoretic pattern of rotavirus RNA, which has diagnostic value and can distinguish different types of viral infections.

　　4. Serological detection, specific IgM antibodies can be detected in the blood 5 days after infection, which is also helpful for the diagnosis of the disease.

　　What foods should not be eaten for astrovirus gastroenteritis:

　　1. Taboo:Irregular diet: Pay attention to the proportion of sugar, fat, and protein in food, and pay attention to the content of vitamins and other essential nutrients for the body.

　　2. Taboo:Smoking, drinking, and spicy刺激性食物.

　　3. Taboo:Cold, hot, hard food: Foods and drinks that are too cold. Foods that are too hard and rough, vegetables with rough fibers, and foods fried or grilled with oil.

　　4. Taboo:Unsanitary diet: Wash fruits and vegetables that are eaten raw, and do not eat spoiled food.

　　This disease belongs to viral infection, and there is currently no specific treatment method for the virus. Ribavirin and interferon can be used for antiviral treatment. Secondly, fluid replacement and symptomatic treatment should be carried out to maintain acid-base and electrolyte balance, and to avoid severe diarrhea leading to dehydration, electrolyte disorder, and acid-base imbalance. Patients with abdominal spasm-like pain can be treated with 654-2 to relieve smooth muscle spasm.