Aspergillosis

　　Aspergillus often resides in cavities formed by chronic lung diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchopulmonary cysts, lung cancer, and sarcoidosis. Aspergillus invasion into the pulmonary blood vessels leads to disease onset, and blood-borne dissemination can affect other organs in the body.

　　Aspergillosis can complicate asthma and allergic rhinitis. In susceptible individuals, inflammation can cause recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough. Allergic rhinitis is a hypersensitivity reaction occurring in the nasal mucosa and is a common manifestation of respiratory hypersensitivity. It may coexist with bronchial asthma.

　　Patients with aspergilloma may present with symptoms such as cough and hemoptysis, with no obvious systemic symptoms.

　　Patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis often have a specific constitution, with recurrent episodes of wheezing, cough, expectoration of brown sputum plugs, hemoptysis, and fever. Both lungs may be filled with wheezing sounds, and the infiltrated lung may have fine moist rales.

　　Patients with severe illness are often invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patients, presenting with symptoms such as fever, cough, purulent sputum, hemoptysis, chest pain, dyspnea, and symptoms and signs caused by dissemination to other organs. Pulmonary auscultation may reveal dry and moist rales.

　　When working in an environment suspected of aspergillus infection, protective measures should be taken, such as wearing a protective mask to avoid inhaling a large amount of pathogens. When operating on smut, aflatoxin, and black aspergillus in a fungal laboratory, more attention should be paid to prevent these pathogens from being inhaled into the lungs. When working in a dusty environment, a mask should be worn, and eye and skin injuries should be treated promptly. Efforts should be made to eliminate or reduce the influence of various triggering factors, and chronic diseases should be treated actively.

　　The main examination methods for this disease are X-ray examination and sputum detection.

　　First, chest X-ray examination

　　Allergic type shows increased lung markings or transient lung infiltration; invasive type presents as bronchopneumonia. Aspergillus balls are often located in空洞, causing the cavity to present a crescent-shaped gas shadow, the ball resembling a pendulum, which can move with changes in body position.

　　Second, sputum detection

　　1. The sputum smear examination can see hyphae and spores.

　　2. Repeated sputum cultures are positive.

　　3. In allergic phlegm, a large number of eosinophils can be found, and the total serum IgE level is increased.

　　The dietary remedies for aspergillosis mainly include the following.

　　1. Tremella Rice PorridgeTremella fuciformis 10 grams, rice 50 grams. Soak tremella fuciformis, wash it, tear it into pieces, and cook it with rice to make porridge for eating. This recipe is suitable for the weak bodies of the middle-aged and elderly, as well as patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and chronic bronchitis.

　　2. Adenophora Tremella SoupTremella fuciformis 10 grams, lily 5 grams, Radix adenosae 5 grams, appropriate amount of rock sugar. Soak tremella fuciformis in water, chop it, cook with lily and Radix adenosae over low heat for 1 hour, add appropriate amount of rock sugar before eating, and it can be eaten at breakfast, lunch, and dinner.

　　3. Longan Tremella PorridgeTremella fuciformis 10 grams, longan meat 10 grams, jujube 5 pieces, a little rock sugar. Soak tremella fuciformis in warm water, chop it, wash and chop the longan meat and jujube, add a little rock sugar, steam in a bowl for 1 hour and it is ready to eat.

　　When treating this disease, attention should be paid to the following points:

　　First, strictly control the use of corticosteroids and broad-spectrum antibiotics.

　　Second, actively treat the primary disease, strengthen supportive therapy, and improve the body's immunity.

　　Third, pathogen treatment

　　1. Patients with cryptococcal meningitis

　　(1) The combined treatment of amphotericin B with 5-fluorocytosine has a synergistic effect.

　　(2) Miconazole (bifluorophenylimidazole) is often used for patients who cannot tolerate amphotericin B or for deep fungal infections with poor treatment response. Miconazole is effective against systemic infections caused by Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, or Coccidioides.

　　(3) Fluconazole has a broad-spectrum antifungal effect, can cross the blood-brain barrier, take 200mg orally once or twice a day, and has a good effect.

　　2. Light patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis

　　Light patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis do not need antifungal drugs and can take 200mg to 400mg of ketoconazole orally per day.