Tracheal diseases

　　There are many causes of tracheal diseases, including viral or bacterial infection, physical and chemical stimulation, allergic reactions, and other factors, which can lead to the occurrence of this disease. Patients often have symptoms such as cough, sputum, and wheezing.

　　In addition to the clinical manifestations of tracheal diseases, if left untreated for a long time, they can also lead to a variety of complications, among which obstructive emphysema, bronchiectasis, and bronchopneumonia are more common. Therefore, it should be highly emphasized by clinical doctors and patients.

　　Patients often have symptoms such as cough, sputum, and wheezing. In the early stage of tracheal tumor patients, except for cough, there are no other symptoms. In the late stage, when the tumor blocks the trachea, it can cause respiratory obstruction, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, and orthopnea. In addition to coughing, tracheal foreign body patients can be seen with obvious foreign bodies during tracheoscopy.

　　In the prevention of tracheal diseases, attention should be paid to the following points.

　　1. Avoiding colds: Avoiding colds can effectively prevent the occurrence or acute attack of tracheal diseases.

　　2. Rational diet: Diet should be light. Tea contains caffeine, which can excite the sympathetic nervous system, dilate the bronchi and alleviate coughing symptoms, so it can be taken appropriately.

　　3. Appropriate rest: It is necessary to rest in bed during fever and coughing, otherwise it will increase the heart burden and worsen the condition.

　　4. Appropriate physical exercise: Daily exercises such as breathing exercises and Tai Chi can enhance the body's ability to resist diseases.

　　The main methods for examining tracheal diseases are as follows:

　　1. Blood routine examination

　　During respiratory system infections, blood routine examination shows an increase in white blood cells and neutrophils, and sometimes toxic granules. An increase in eosinophils suggests allergic factors or parasitic infections.

　　2. Bronchography

　　Bronchography can help diagnose bronchial dilation, stenosis, and obstruction.

　　3. Bronchoscope

　　Fiberoptic bronchoscope can penetrate into subsegmental bronchi and can directly observe mucosal edema, congestion, ulcers, granulomas, neoplasms, foreign bodies, etc.

　　The following aspects should be paid attention to in diet:

　　1. Diet should be light, eat more fresh vegetables, such as spinach, rapeseed, radish, tomato, cucumber, winter melon, etc., which can supplement various vitamins and inorganic salts.

　　2. Soybeans and soy products contain high-quality protein needed by the human body and can supplement the nutritional loss caused by chronic tracheal diseases.

　　3. For patients with tracheal inflammation who have long-lasting cough and weakened spleen and lung, it is advisable to eat more foods that tonify the spleen, benefit the lung, tonify the kidney, regulate qi, and resolve phlegm, such as mutton, pork, beef lung, orange, almond, walnut, lily, jujube, pear, lotus seed, honey, etc.

　　4. Tracheal disease patients should avoid eating fishy, greasy food, such as yellow croaker, shrimp, crab, mackerel, fatty meat, etc.

　　5. Avoid spicy and刺激性 food, such as chili, garlic, pepper, scallion, chive, etc.

　　The main treatment methods for tracheal diseases are surgical treatment and drug treatment. Due to the many tracheal diseases, it is necessary to formulate corresponding treatment measures according to different tracheal diseases in order to recover from the disease.