Anal and rectal polyps

　　Regarding the etiology of anal and rectal polyps, there is a certain genetic factor in the etiology of this disease. However, in clinical practice, this factor is not very common, of course, this is relatively speaking. In fact, there are also many patients with anal and rectal polyps caused by genetic factors. Below, a summary of the specific causes leading to anal and rectal polyps is as follows:

　　1. Genetic Factors

　　It is generally believed that the formation of colonic polyps is closely related to gene mutations and genetic factors. Current research indicates that mutated genes can be inherited from parents to offspring, and in terms of genetic opportunities, both males and females are equal, with no gender differences.

　　二、炎症刺激

　　肠粘膜长期被炎症刺激，可引起肠粘膜的息肉生成。这是由于肠粘膜的炎症充血水肿，糜烂溃疡愈合之后，导致疤痕逐渐收缩，形成息肉状，又由于慢性炎症刺激，致腺体阻塞，粘液储留而发病。

　　三、粪便、异物刺激和机械性损伤

　　粪便粗渣和异物长期刺激肠粘膜上皮，以及其它原因造成直肠粘膜损伤，使细胞出现异常增生，形成息肉。

　　四、生活习惯

　　不良生活习惯，生活不规律，也可导致体液酸化，引起肠道细胞突变，增生等。

　　五、饮食因素

　　饮食因素与结肠息肉的形成有一定关系，特别是细菌和胆酸相互作用，可能是腺瘤性息肉形成的基础。

　　肛门直肠息肉除了其临床表现外，还可引起其他疾病。本病易并发大量便血、肠狭窄、肠穿孔、中毒性肠扩张等，应引起临床医生和患者的高度重视。

　　肛门直肠息肉的临床症状为便血、脱垂、肠道刺激症状。

　　1便血：无痛性便血是直肠息肉的主要临床表现。肛门直肠息肉的便血出血量较少，如果由于排粪时挤压而使息肉脱落，和息肉体积大位置较低，可发生较多量的便血。便血特点为带血，而不发生滴血。

　　2脱垂：当息肉较大或数量较多时，由于重力关系牵拉肠粘膜，使其逐渐与肌层分离而向下脱垂。病人排便动作牵拉及肠蠕动刺激，可使蒂基周围的粘膜层松弛，可并发直肠脱垂。

　　3肠道刺激症状：当肠道蠕动牵拉息肉时，可能出现肠道刺激症状，如腹部不适、下腹痛、腹泻、脓血便、里急后重等。

　　肛门直肠息肉应养成良好的生活习惯，戒烟限酒。不要过多地食用咸辣食物，不吃过热、过冷、过期和变质的食品；对于年老体弱或有遗传疾病基因的人，应适量食用一些抗癌食品和高碱性食品，保持良好的精神状态。要有良好的心态应对压力，劳逸结合，不要过度疲劳。加强体育锻炼，增强体质，多在阳光下运动，多出汗可以将体内酸性物质随汗液排出体外，避免形成酸性体质。不要食用被污染的食物，如被污染的水、农作物、家禽鱼蛋、发霉的食品等，要食用一些绿色有机食品，防止病从口入。

　　许多肛门直肠息肉疾病都是隐秘生长的，通常症状不明显。如果某个器官有息肉，应首先进行内窥镜检查，如肠镜、宫腔镜等，其次可选择彩色超声、CT等。

　　Self-care for patients with anal and rectal polyps is particularly important, as it not only improves the stimulation of the local unfavorable environment, but also provides a good foundation for treatment and recovery. During the remission period, pay attention to the cleanliness and hygiene of the anal area, and often use warm saltwater to bathe the anal area, or choose to wash the external with alum water, or use1:5000 Potassium permanganate solution to clean the local area, in order to reduce the symptoms of anal and rectal polyps, at least once a night, which can clean the local hygiene and improve the local blood circulation, enhance the body's resistance to disease.

　　The main method for removing polyps in Western medicine is various removal methods under endoscopy. Different surgical methods are adopted according to the shape, size, number, and presence or absence of the pedicle, length, and thickness of the polyps: Western medicine treatment of anal and rectal polyps is a routine method

　　1、High-frequency electrocoagulation ligation excision method:Mainly used for pedunculated polyps.

　　2、High-frequency electrocoagulation incineration method:Mainly used for multiple hemispherical small polyps.

　　3、High-frequency electrocoagulation hot biopsy forceps method:Currently rarely used, mainly replaced by high-frequency electrocoagulation incineration and biopsy forceps excision methods.

　　4、Laser vaporization and microwave thermotherapy methods:Suitable for those who do not need to leave a histological specimen.

　　5、Biopsy forceps excision method:Mainly used for single or a few spherical small polyps, which is simple and easy to perform and can also take a pathological examination of the living tissue.

　　6、Mucosal stripping embedded method:Mainly used for flat polyps or early cancer patients.

　　7、Stage-by-stage removal method:Mainly used for10～2Patients with more than 0 polyps cannot be removed at one time.

　　8、Close removal method:Mainly used for large pedunculated polyps that are difficult to suspend in the intestinal cavity, using the large polyp close to the intestinal wall electrocoagulation excision method.

　　9、Endoscopic surgical treatment:Mainly used for patients with polyps, where the sparse area of the polyps is surgically removed to achieve the treatment goal and maintain the normal function of the large intestine.

　　Surgery does great harm to the human body itself, and the wound healing is slow in an acidic body environment, which greatly affects the physical and mental health of the patients, and surgery does not necessarily eliminate intestinal polyps, as intestinal polyps can become cancerous. Only by truly improving one's own body fluids can intestinal polyps be truly eliminated.